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Verlag:
Editio Cantor Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
Geleitwort zur 2. Auflage | 11 | |
Vorwort zur 2. Auflage | 12 | |
1 Qualitätsanforderungen an Pharmawasser | ||
Heinz Kudernatsch | 14 | |
1.1 | Einleitung | 14 |
1.2 | Arzneibücher/Monographien | 15 |
1.3 | Wasserqualitäten | 15 |
1.4 | Einsatzgebiete und Definition von PW.HPW und WFI | 16 |
1.5 | Trinkwasser | 18 |
1.6 Chemische, physikalische und mikrobiologische Qualität | ||
von PW in Bulk | 18 | |
1.7 Chemische, physikalische und mikrobiologische Qualität | ||
von WFI in Bulk | 20 | |
1.8 | Note for Guidance on Quality of Water for Pharmaceutical Use | 23 |
1.9 | Qualitätsanforderungen an Reinstdampf | 26 |
1.10 | ISPE: Water and Steam System | 26 |
2 Inspektion von Pharmawassersystemen | ||
Klaus Feuerhelm | 28 | |
2.1 | Einleitung | 28 |
2.2 | Regelwerke und deren Auslegung | 28 |
2.2.1 | Deutschland und Europäische Union | 28 |
2.2.2 | Europäisches Arzneibuch | 30 |
2.2.3 EU-Leitfaden einer Guten Herstellungspraxis für | ||
Arzneimittel (EU-GMP-Leitfaden) | 31 | |
2.3 | Anforderungen an die Qualifizierungsdokumentation | 35 |
2.3.1 | Qualifizierungsdokumentation nach EU-GMP-Leitfaden | 36 |
2.4 Rolle der Behörde von der Planung bis zum Betrieb und der | ||
Inspektion der Anlage | 42 | |
2.4.1 | Planung | 42 |
2.4.2 | Betrieb und Inspektion eines Wassersystems | 43 |
2.5 | Praxisbeispiel | 43 |
2..1 | Probenahme | 44 |
2..2 | Sanitisierung und Betriebstemperatur | 44 |
3 Wasseraufbereitungsverfahren und Herstellanlagen für | ||
Purified Water und Highly Purified Water | ||
Ulrich Träger | 48 | |
3.1 | Einleitung | 48 |
3.2 | Reinstmedium Wasser | 48 |
3.2.1 | Gelöste organische Verunreinigungen | 49 |
3.2.2 | Gelöste anorganische Verunreinigungen | 49 |
3.2.3 | Partikuläre Verunreinigungen | 49 |
3.2.4 | Kollodiale Verunreinigungen | 49 |
3.2.5 | Mikrobiologische Verunreinigungen | 49 |
3.3 | Aufbereitungstechniken | 50 |
3.3.1 | Destillation | 50 |
3.3.2 | lonentauscher | 50 |
3.3.3 | Reverse Osmose | 51 |
3.3.4 | Vorbehandlung von Speisewasser | 54 |
3.3.5 | Elektroentionisierung | 55 |
3.3.6 | Membranentgasung | 56 |
3.3.7 | Ultrafiltration | 57 |
3.3.8 | Sanitisierungsverfahren | 58 |
3.4 | Anforderungen versus Aufbereitungsverfahren | 59 |
4 Destillation und Reinstdampferzeugung | ||
Carsten Rupprecht | 62 | |
4.1 | Einleitung | 62 |
4.2 | Begriffe und Definitionen | 63 |
4.2.1 | Reinstdampf | 63 |
4.2.2 | Wasser für Injektion | 63 |
4.2.3 | Sterilität | 63 |
4.2.4 | Endotoxine | 63 |
4.3 | Verfahrensübersicht | 64 |
4.3.1 | Membranverfahren (kalt) | 64 |
4.3.2 | Thermische Separationsverfahren | 64 |
4.4 | WFI-Systeme | 67 |
4.5 | Reinstdampfsysteme | 69 |
4.6 | Reinstdampferzeuger | 70 |
4.6.1 | Reinstdampferzeuger nach dem Naturumlaufprinzip | 70 |
4.6.2 | Reinstdampferzeuger nach dem Fallfilmprinzip | 72 |
4.7 | Herstellung von WFI | 72 |
4.7.1 | Einstufige Destillation | 75 |
4.7.2 | Mehrstufige Destillation | 76 |
4.7.3 | Thermokompression | 78 |
4.7.4 | Membranverfahren | 80 |
7 Rouging-Werkstoffwissenschaftliche Betrachtungen | ||
zu einem anspruchsvollen Phänomen | ||
Michael Renner | 125 | |
7.1 | Einleitung | 125 |
7.2 | Rouging-Beispiele aus der Praxis | 126 |
7.2.1 | Wo wird Rouging beobachtet? | 126 |
7.2.2 | Was ist Rouging und wie sieht es aus? | 127 |
7.3 Werkstoffwissenschaftliche Betrachtungen verschiedener | ||
Beanspruchungsparameter auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit | ||
von CrNi(Mo)-Stählen | 128 | |
7.4 Ist Rouging kritisch für die Einhaltung der Grenzwerte in der | ||
Pharmaindustrie? | 133 | |
7.5 | Anwendungsorientierte Forschungsaktivitäten | 133 |
7.6 | Fazit | 134 |
8 Grundlagen der Ventiltechnik | ||
Marie-Luise Keilbach | 136 | |
8.1 | Einleitung | 136 |
8.2 | Membranventiltechnologie | 138 |
8.2.1 | Funktionsprinzip und Aufbau eines Membranventils | 138 |
8.2.2 | Anforderungen an Membranventile | 143 |
8.3 | Sitzventiltechnologie | 151 |
8.3.1 | Funktionsprinzip und Aufbau eines Sitzventils | 151 |
8.3.2 | Anforderungen an Sitzventile | 157 |
8.4 | „Stand der fechnik" im Bereich Pharmawasser | 163 |
8.4.1 | Probenahmesysteme | 164 |
8.4.2 | Mehrwegeventilblöcke | 166 |
8.4.3 | Behälter-und Bodenablassventile | 168 |
8.5 | Fazit | 170 |
9 Planung und Projektierung von Pharmawassersystemen | ||
Christian Graf | 173 | |
9.1 | Einleitung | 173 |
9.2 | Planungs-und Projektabschnitte | 175 |
9.2.1 | Konzeptphase | 176 |
9.2.2 | Basic Engineering | 177 |
9.2.3 | Detail Engineering | 185 |
9.2.4 | Bau und Montage der Systeme | 186 |
9.2.5 | Inbetriebnahme und Qualifizierung | 1 |
9.3 | Reflexion von Theorie und Praxis | 19 |
10 Elektrolytisch erzeugtes Ozon für die Desinfektion und | ||
Sanitisierung von Reinstwassersystemen | ||
Winfried Speuser | 209 | |
10.1 | Einleitung | 209 |
10.2 | Mikrobiologische Situation im Reinstwasser | 210 |
10.3 | Verfahren für die Entkeimung von Reinstwassersystemen | 210 |
10.4 | Wirkungsweise von Ozon in Reinstwassersystemen | 212 |
10.5 | Verfahren zur Ozonerzeugung | 213 |
10.5.1 | Methode der „stillen elektrischen Entladung" | 213 |
10.5.2 | Methode der elektrolytischen Ozonerzeugung | 213 |
10.6 | Elektrolytische Ozonerzeugung in der Praxis | 217 |
10.7 | Ozonkonzentrationen im Betrieb | 219 |
10.9 | Restozonabbau durch UV-Bestrahlung | 221 |
10.10 | Fazit | 221 |
11 Steuerung und Automatisierung von Pharmawasseranlagen | ||
Harald Gattermeyer | 223 | |
11.1 | Automatisierung einer Pharmawasseranlage | 223 |
11.1.1 | Herstellung | 223 |
11.1.2 | Lagerung | 223 |
11.1.3 | Verteilung | 224 |
11.2 | Stand der fechnik | 224 |
11.3 | Projektabwicklung und Qualitätssicherung | 227 |
11.4 | Entwicklungen und Trends | 228 |
11.4.1 | Neuro-Fuzzy-Regler | 228 |
11.4.2 | Selbstüberwachende Feldgeräte | 228 |
11.4.3 | Vertikale und horizontale Integration | 229 |
11.4.4 | Wireless-Technologie | 229 |
11.4.5 | IT-Security | 230 |
11.4.6 | Elektronische Aufzeichnungen und Unterschriften | 232 |
12 Mikrobiologisches Monitoring von technischen | ||
Wassersystemen | ||
Gero Beckmann | 233 | |
12.1 | Vorkommen und Bedeutung von Wasserkeimen | 233 |
12.2 | Medizinische Bedeutung/Betriebshygiene | 235 |
12.3 | Pseudomonaden als diagnostische Herausforderung | 236 |
12.4 | Biofilme und ihre Bedeutung für die pharmazeutische Industrie | 238 |
12.4.1 | Woraus bestehen Biofilme? | 23 |
12.5 | LAL-Test | 241 |
12.6 | Mikrobiologische Untersuchung von Pharmawasser | 242 |
12.6.1 | Entscheidend: Probenahme und-transport | 243 |
12.7 | Qualifizierung von Reinstwasseranlagen aus mikrobiologischer Sicht | 245 |
12.8 | Was tun bei Störfällen und Havarien? | 245 |
12.9 | Worauf legt die Überwachungsbehörde Wert? | 246 |
13 Qualifizierung und Validierung von | ||
Wasseraufbereitungsanlagen | ||
Michael Jahnke | 250 | |
13.1 | Einleitung | 250 |
13.2 | Qualifizierungsphasen | 251 |
13.2.1 | Begriffsbestimmungen | 251 |
13.3 | Lebenszyklusmodell | 251 |
13.4 | Risikoanalyse | 252 |
13.5 | Phasen der Anlagenqualifizierung | 254 |
13.5.1 | Anforderungsspezifikation (URS) | 254 |
13.5.2 | Designqualifizierung (DQ) | 255 |
13.5.3 Installationsqualifizierung (IQ) mit Herstellerabnahme | ||
(FAT) und/oder Lieferabnahme (SAT) | 255 | |
13.5.4 | Funktionsqualifizierung (OQ) | 268 |
13.5.5 | Leistungsqualifizierung (PQ) | 272 |
14 Wartung und Instandhaltung von Pharmawasseranlagen | ||
Johannes Krämer | 276 | |
14.1 | Einleitung | 276 |
14.2 | Begriffe in der Instandhaltung | 276 |
14.3 | Anforderungen an die Instandhaltung | 278 |
14.4 | Instandhaltungsstrategien | 279 |
14.5 | Zustandsorientierte Techniken für Pharmawasseranlagen | 282 |
14.6 | Prinzipielle Vorgehensweise bei der Instandhaltungsdurchfiihrung | 284 |
14.7 | Aufbau eines Wartungs-und Inspektionsplans | 286 |
14.8 | Wartungs-und Inspektionsplan für Pharmawasseranlagen | 289 |
14.8.1 | Wartungs-und Inspektionsplan für eine Erzeugeranlage | 290 |
14.8.2 Wartungs- und Inspektionsplan für ein Lager- und | ||
Verteilsystem | 291 | |
14.9 | Ersatzteilbevorratung für Pharmawasseranlagen | 293 |
14.10 | Instandhaltungskennzahlen für Pharmawasseranlagen | 294 |
14.11 | Fazit | 295 |
Abkürzungen | 296 | |
Die Autoren | 299 | |
Autorenverzeichnis | 303 | |
Sachverzeichnis | 307 | |
_Inhalt | ||
rzeugeranlage 285,26
U-Biozidverordnung EU/528/2012
'' -GMP-Leitfaden
Europäische Pharmakopoe
Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)
"allfilmprinzip
allfilmverdampfer
altenbalg, Edelstahl
DA
- CFR21 Part 177
ederpaket
ehlermeldung :
ehleruntersuchung
ließbild
MEA-Methode
üllstandsmessung
:unktionsprüfung
GAMP 5-Leitfaden
Instandsetzung
- Maßnahmen
Integration, vertikale, horizontale
Ionen-Leitfähigkeit
IQ
ISPE
- Good Practice Guide
- Ozone Sanitization of
Pharmaceutical Water
- Water and Steam Systems
IT-Security
Japanische Pharmakopoe
Kalibrierung
- rostfreier Edelstahl
Gerätevorschrift
Gravitation
HACCP
Havarie, mikrobiologische
Heißwassersanitisierung
Herstellanlage
Hohlfasermembran
Hold-up-Volumen
HPW
- Einsatzgebiete
- Qualitätsanforderungen,
chemisch-physikalische
- Qualitätsanforderungen,
mikrobiologische
Human Machine Interface
Hydrogencarbonat
Hygienic Design
Identifizierungstechniken,
mikrobiologische
Industriedampf
Inspektion
Instandhaltung
- mikrobiologische
- von außen
Konzentratabfuhr
Korrosionsbeständigkeit
- Passivierung
Korrosionssystem