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     Artikel werden geladen

    Erlebnis Arithmetik

    - zum aktiven Entdecken und selbstständigen Erarbeiten

    Erlebnis Arithmetik
    - zum aktiven Entdecken und selbstständigen Erarbeiten

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Spektrum-Akademischer Vlg  Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Erschienen: September 2010
    Seiten: 216
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 34.99 €
    Illustration: 150 farbige Abbildungen
    Maße: 236x156x17
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    Reihe: MPS - Mathematik Primar- und Sekundarstufe
    ISBN: 9783827424143

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    1Zahlen erforschen1
    1.1 Die Philosophie des Buches.................................................... l
    1.2Was ist Arithmetik?7
    1.3Übungen10
    2Systematisch zählen11
    2.1Einfache Zählstrategien11
    2.2Problemlösestrategien beim Zählen..................................................................13
    2.3Kombinationen zählen.................................................................................18
    2.4Zählsituationen unterscheiden25
    2.5Übungen36
    3Zahlenforschen und Beweisen41
    3.1Wie entsteht mathematisches Wissen?41
    3.2Was ist ein Beweis?45
    3.3Formales Beweisen54
    3.4Um-die-Ecke-Beweisen59
    3.5Die Logik mathematischer Aussagen62
    3.6Übungen68
    4Teilen und Zusammensetzen71
    4.1Zahlen zerlegen71
    4.2Primzahlen - Bausteine der Zahlen77
    4.3Teiler aufräumen84
    4.4Gemeinsame Teiler95
    4.5Vielfache101
    4.6Übungen.............................................................................103
    5Weiterzählen..................................................................................115
    5.1Muster in Zahlenfolgen finden.............................................115
    5.2Muster in Zahlenfolgen beweisen........................................ 119
    5.3Muster in Zahlenfolgen erklären..........................................122
    5.4Primzahlmuster...................................................................127
    5.5Übungen.............................................................................138
    6Zahlen in anderen Welten141
    6.1Rechnen in endlichen Welten141
    6.2Rechnen mit Resten.............................................................146
    6.3Übungen150
    7Zahlen schreiben............................................................................153
    7.1Historische Zahlenschreibweisen.........................................153
    7.2Stellenwertsysteme.............................................................160
    7.3Stellenwertsysteme im Computerzeitalter...........................162
    7.4Übungen166
    8Zahlen verstehen............................................................................171
    8.1Zahlen kulturhistorisch verstehen .......................................172
    8.2Zahlen psychologisch verstehen..........................................176
    8.3Zahlen mathematisch verstehen..........................................182
    8.4Übungen196
    Definitionen, Sätze, Strategien197
    Prüfungsaufgaben204
    Literatur210
    Index213

    Register

    / (Widerspruch) 61 0 (leere Menge) 19
    n (Mengenschnitt) 63
    U (Mengenvereinigung) 17, 62
    X (Mengenprodukt) 17
    -i (nicht) 62
    V (oder) 62
    A (und) 62
    V (exklusives Oder) 70
    (Implikation) 4, 55
    <=> (Äquivalenz) 4, 55
    V (All-Quantor) 77 3 (Existenz-Quantor) 77
    Abakus 154
    Abduktion 44, 119
    abundant109
    additives Zahlsystem 158
    Al-Chwarizmi, Muhammed 100
    Algorithmus 99, 130, 162
    analoges Problem 27, 37
    Antisymmetrie 88, 91
    Äquivalenz 4, 59
    arabische Zahlen 155
    Arithmetik 7, 194
    arithmetische Folge 128
    Aufteilen 71, 74
    Axiomatisierung 184
    Axiome 56, 184
    Babylonier 153, 160
    Basis 161
    Beispiele 1, 14,21,37, 127
    Beweis finden 56, 193
    Beweis 4, 21, 41, 44, 81, 119, 124, 183
    Beweis durch Widerspruch 60, 136
    Beweistypen 53
    bijektiv 33
    Binärsystem 164, 168
    Binom 21
    Binomialkoeffizienten 22, 30
    Bit 165
    Brouwer, Luitzen 181
    Brüche 102, 111
    Bündeln 12, 46, 158, 160
    Cantor, Georg 182
    chinesische Zahlen 156
    Codieren 90, 117, 130, 135, 162, 173
    Computer 162
    Deduktion 44
    defizient 109
    dekadisches System 162
    Division durch Null 149
    Dreieckszahlen 116, 118, 120
    Entwicklungspsychologie 177, 179
    Eratosthenes 130
    Erdós, Paul 57, 137
    Euklid 98,131, 136
    euklidischer Algorithmus 99
    Euler, Leonard 133, 135
    Fermat, Pierre 4, 133
    Fermat-Zahlen 137
    Fermat'sche Primzahlen 133
    Fermat'sche Vermutung 4, 133
    formale Schreibweise 17
    formaler Beweis 54, 81, 89, 189
    Frege, Gottlob 182
    Fundamentalsatz der Arithmetik 80
    Galtonbrett 23
    ganze Zahlen 76, 107
    ganzrationale Funktion 75
    Gauß, Carl Friedrich 134
    Gehirn 177, 179
    genetische Situation 124
    genetisches Beispiel 21, 49, 51
    geometrische Folge 129
    ggT (größter gemeinsamer Teiler) 96
    Gödel, Kurt 194
    Goldbach'sche Vermutung 137, 195
    grafischer Beweis 49, 53
    Griechen 8, 130, 154, 194
    Grundlagenkrise 195
    Hasse-Diagramm 91
    Hexadezimalsystem 165
    hexagesimale Darstellung 162
    Hilbert, David 194
    Hilfssätze 193
    hinreichend 4, 59
    Ikonischer Beweis 49, 52, 53, 124, 126
    Implikation 55
    Induktion 44, 118
    induktiver Beweis 48, 50, 53
    injektiv 33
    Kalkül 18, 67
    Kardinalzahlaspekt 174
    kgV (kleinstes gem. Vielfaches) 101
    Kombinationen 16, 18
    Kombinatorik 18
    Grundsituationen 27, 35
    Kommutativgesetz 142, 144, 182, 191
    Kontextbeweis 53, 68
    Kontraposition 63
    Kraft der Fünf 12
    Kreuzprodukt 17
    Kronecker, Leopold 9
    Lakatos, Imre 74
    leere Menge 19
    Logik 3, 7, 59, 62, 194
    logisches Gegenteil 66
    Maßzahlaspekt 174
    Maya 155, 167
    Mengenschreibweise 17
    Mersenne, Marin 134
    multiplikative Zahlsysteme 158
    Muster 7, 9, 115, 127, 132, 178
    N, No (natürliche Zahlen) 7, 73, 185
    Nfx] (Polynome) 76
    Nachfolgeroperation 183
    Neurobiologie 177
    notwendig 4, 59
    Null 74, 149, 159
    Nullteiler 151
    O.B.d.A (ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit) 82
    operativer Beweis 53
    Operatoraspekt 174
    Ordinalzahlaspekt 174
    Partition, gleichmäßige 6
    Pascal, Blaise 20
    PascaFsches Dreieck 20
    Peano, Giuseppe 182, 185
    Peano'sches Axiomensystem 185
    Peirce, Charles S. 44
    Permutationen 26, 29
    Polynome 76, 84
    Positionssystem 158
    präformal 52
    Primfaktorzerlegung 79, 80, 84
    Eindeutigkeit 81
    Primzahl 77, 80, 128
    Primzahlformel 135
    Primzahlzwilling 137, 139
    Problemlöseplan für Zählaufgaben 37
    Problemlösestrategie 2, 13, 37
    Pyramidenzahlen 116
    Pythagoras 9
    Quadratzahlen 41,115
    Quantoren 77
    Rechengesetze 189
    Rechenzahlaspekt 174
    Rechnen 7, 142, 159, 163, 172, 178
    reductio ad absurdum 60
    Retiexivität 88, 89, 91
    Reihenfolge 26
    rekursive Vorschrift 117
    Relation 87
    Restklassen 143
    Restklassenraum 144
    Revolution (17)89
    römische Zahlen 154
    Russell, Bertrand 194
    Sieb des Eratosthenes 130
    Uberschlagszählen 13
    Situationsbeweis 53, 68
    Umgangssprache 65
    Stellenwertsystem 158, 162
    Stellenwerttafel 160
    Stevin, Simon 43
    Verbaler Beweis 53
    Stufenzahl 158, 161
    Vielfache 101
    Subitizing 178
    visuell-symbolischer Code 178
    surjektiv 33
    vollkommene Zahl 109
    Sylvester, Satz von 6
    symbolische Darstellung 2
    symbolischer Beweis 48, 52
    Wechselwegnahme 111
    Symmetrie 13
    Whitehead, Alfred North 194
    Teilbarkeitsregeln 167
    Teiler 3, 72, 75
    Z (ganze Zahlen) 75, 107
    Teileranzahl 95
    Zn (Restklassenräume) 144
    Teilerdiagramm 87, 90
    Zählen 11, 180
    Teilermenge 85
    Zahlenfolge 115, 119
    Teilmenge 107
    Zahlensystem 153, 158
    Transitivität 88, 91, 183
    Zählstrategien 11, 181
    Treppenzahl 1
    Zermelo, Ernst 82
    Tripel 17
    Ziffer 162
    Triple Code Model 177