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Autoren:
Verlag:
Spektrum-Akademischer Vlg Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
1 | Zahlen erforschen | 1 |
1.1 Die Philosophie des Buches.................................................... l | ||
1.2 | Was ist Arithmetik? | 7 |
1.3 | Übungen | 10 |
2 | Systematisch zählen | 11 |
2.1 | Einfache Zählstrategien | 11 |
2.2 | Problemlösestrategien beim Zählen..................................................................1 | 3 |
2.3 | Kombinationen zählen.................................................................................1 | 8 |
2.4 | Zählsituationen unterscheiden | 25 |
2.5 | Übungen | 36 |
3 | Zahlenforschen und Beweisen | 41 |
3.1 | Wie entsteht mathematisches Wissen? | 41 |
3.2 | Was ist ein Beweis? | 45 |
3.3 | Formales Beweisen | 54 |
3.4 | Um-die-Ecke-Beweisen | 59 |
3.5 | Die Logik mathematischer Aussagen | 62 |
3.6 | Übungen | 68 |
4 | Teilen und Zusammensetzen | 71 |
4.1 | Zahlen zerlegen | 71 |
4.2 | Primzahlen - Bausteine der Zahlen | 77 |
4.3 | Teiler aufräumen | 84 |
4.4 | Gemeinsame Teiler | 95 |
4.5 | Vielfache | 101 |
4.6 | Übungen.............................................................................1 | 03 |
5 | Weiterzählen..................................................................................11 | 5 |
5.1 | Muster in Zahlenfolgen finden.............................................11 | 5 |
5.2 | Muster in Zahlenfolgen beweisen........................................ 11 | 9 |
5.3 | Muster in Zahlenfolgen erklären..........................................1 | 22 |
5.4 | Primzahlmuster...................................................................1 | 27 |
5.5 | Übungen.............................................................................1 | 38 |
6 | Zahlen in anderen Welten | 141 |
6.1 | Rechnen in endlichen Welten | 141 |
6.2 | Rechnen mit Resten.............................................................1 | 46 |
6.3 | Übungen | 150 |
7 | Zahlen schreiben............................................................................1 | 53 |
7.1 | Historische Zahlenschreibweisen.........................................1 | 53 |
7.2 | Stellenwertsysteme.............................................................1 | 60 |
7.3 | Stellenwertsysteme im Computerzeitalter...........................1 | 62 |
7.4 | Übungen | 166 |
8 | Zahlen verstehen............................................................................1 | 71 |
8.1 | Zahlen kulturhistorisch verstehen .......................................1 | 72 |
8.2 | Zahlen psychologisch verstehen..........................................1 | 76 |
8.3 | Zahlen mathematisch verstehen..........................................1 | 82 |
8.4 | Übungen | 196 |
Definitionen, Sätze, Strategien | 197 | |
Prüfungsaufgaben | 204 | |
Literatur | 210 | |
Index | 213 | |
/ (Widerspruch) 61 0 (leere Menge) 19
n (Mengenschnitt) 63
U (Mengenvereinigung) 17, 62
X (Mengenprodukt) 17
-i (nicht) 62
V (oder) 62
A (und) 62
V (exklusives Oder) 70
(Implikation) 4, 55
<=> (Äquivalenz) 4, 55
V (All-Quantor) 77 3 (Existenz-Quantor) 77
Abakus 154
Abduktion 44, 119
abundant109
additives Zahlsystem 158
Al-Chwarizmi, Muhammed 100
Algorithmus 99, 130, 162
analoges Problem 27, 37
Antisymmetrie 88, 91
Äquivalenz 4, 59
arabische Zahlen 155
Arithmetik 7, 194
arithmetische Folge 128
Aufteilen 71, 74
Axiomatisierung 184
Axiome 56, 184
Babylonier 153, 160
Basis 161
Beispiele 1, 14,21,37, 127
Beweis finden 56, 193
Beweis 4, 21, 41, 44, 81, 119, 124, 183
Beweis durch Widerspruch 60, 136
Beweistypen 53
bijektiv 33
Binärsystem 164, 168
Binom 21
Binomialkoeffizienten 22, 30
Bit 165
Brouwer, Luitzen 181
Brüche 102, 111
Bündeln 12, 46, 158, 160
Cantor, Georg 182
chinesische Zahlen 156
Codieren 90, 117, 130, 135, 162, 173
Computer 162
Deduktion 44
defizient 109
dekadisches System 162
Division durch Null 149
Dreieckszahlen 116, 118, 120
Entwicklungspsychologie 177, 179
Eratosthenes 130
Erdós, Paul 57, 137
Euklid 98,131, 136
euklidischer Algorithmus 99
Euler, Leonard 133, 135
Fermat, Pierre 4, 133
Fermat-Zahlen 137
Fermat'sche Primzahlen 133
Fermat'sche Vermutung 4, 133
formale Schreibweise 17
formaler Beweis 54, 81, 89, 189
Frege, Gottlob 182
Fundamentalsatz der Arithmetik 80
Galtonbrett 23
ganze Zahlen 76, 107
ganzrationale Funktion 75
Gauß, Carl Friedrich 134
Gehirn 177, 179
genetische Situation 124
genetisches Beispiel 21, 49, 51
geometrische Folge 129
ggT (größter gemeinsamer Teiler) 96
Gödel, Kurt 194
Goldbach'sche Vermutung 137, 195
grafischer Beweis 49, 53
Griechen 8, 130, 154, 194
Grundlagenkrise 195
Hasse-Diagramm 91
Hexadezimalsystem 165
hexagesimale Darstellung 162
Hilbert, David 194
Hilfssätze 193
hinreichend 4, 59
Ikonischer Beweis 49, 52, 53, 124, 126
Implikation 55
Induktion 44, 118
induktiver Beweis 48, 50, 53
injektiv 33
Kalkül 18, 67
Kardinalzahlaspekt 174
kgV (kleinstes gem. Vielfaches) 101
Kombinationen 16, 18
Kombinatorik 18
Grundsituationen 27, 35
Kommutativgesetz 142, 144, 182, 191
Kontextbeweis 53, 68
Kontraposition 63
Kraft der Fünf 12
Kreuzprodukt 17
Kronecker, Leopold 9
Lakatos, Imre 74
leere Menge 19
Logik 3, 7, 59, 62, 194
logisches Gegenteil 66
Maßzahlaspekt 174
Maya 155, 167
Mengenschreibweise 17
Mersenne, Marin 134
multiplikative Zahlsysteme 158
Muster 7, 9, 115, 127, 132, 178
N, No (natürliche Zahlen) 7, 73, 185
Nfx] (Polynome) 76
Nachfolgeroperation 183
Neurobiologie 177
notwendig 4, 59
Null 74, 149, 159
Nullteiler 151
O.B.d.A (ohne Beschränkung der
Allgemeinheit) 82
operativer Beweis 53
Operatoraspekt 174
Ordinalzahlaspekt 174
Partition, gleichmäßige 6
Pascal, Blaise 20
PascaFsches Dreieck 20
Peano, Giuseppe 182, 185
Peano'sches Axiomensystem 185
Peirce, Charles S. 44
Permutationen 26, 29
Polynome 76, 84
Positionssystem 158
präformal 52
Primfaktorzerlegung 79, 80, 84
Eindeutigkeit 81
Primzahl 77, 80, 128
Primzahlformel 135
Primzahlzwilling 137, 139
Problemlöseplan für Zählaufgaben 37
Problemlösestrategie 2, 13, 37
Pyramidenzahlen 116
Pythagoras 9
Quadratzahlen 41,115
Quantoren 77
Rechengesetze 189
Rechenzahlaspekt 174
Rechnen 7, 142, 159, 163, 172, 178
reductio ad absurdum 60
Retiexivität 88, 89, 91
Reihenfolge 26
rekursive Vorschrift 117
Relation 87
Restklassen 143
Restklassenraum 144
Revolution (17)89
römische Zahlen 154
Russell, Bertrand 194
Sieb des Eratosthenes 130
Uberschlagszählen 13
Situationsbeweis 53, 68
Umgangssprache 65
Stellenwertsystem 158, 162
Stellenwerttafel 160
Stevin, Simon 43
Verbaler Beweis 53
Stufenzahl 158, 161
Vielfache 101
Subitizing 178
visuell-symbolischer Code 178
surjektiv 33
vollkommene Zahl 109
Sylvester, Satz von 6
symbolische Darstellung 2
symbolischer Beweis 48, 52
Wechselwegnahme 111
Symmetrie 13
Whitehead, Alfred North 194
Teilbarkeitsregeln 167
Teiler 3, 72, 75
Z (ganze Zahlen) 75, 107
Teileranzahl 95
Zn (Restklassenräume) 144
Teilerdiagramm 87, 90
Zählen 11, 180
Teilermenge 85
Zahlenfolge 115, 119
Teilmenge 107
Zahlensystem 153, 158
Transitivität 88, 91, 183
Zählstrategien 11, 181
Treppenzahl 1
Zermelo, Ernst 82
Tripel 17
Ziffer 162
Triple Code Model 177