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Schaaf, Johannes Zschocke
     Artikel werden geladen

    Basiswissen Humangenetik

    Basiswissen Humangenetik

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Springer-Verlag   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Auflage: 2. Auflage.
    Erschienen: Januar 2013
    Seiten: 364
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 29.95 €
    Illustration: 165 farbige Abbildungen, 37 farbige Tabellen
    Maße: 241x172x17
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    Reihe: Springer-Lehrbuch
    Zum Buch: Book
    ISBN: 9783642289064

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    I Biologische Grundlagen
    1Einleitung3
    1.1Genetik - Schlüsseldisziplin der modernen Medizin3
    1.2Häufigkeit genetischer Krankheiten3
    2Molekulare Grundlagen6
    2.1DNA6
    2.2Gene9
    2.3Repetitive Sequenzen und Kopienzahlvariabilität12
    2.4Vom Gen zur mRNA14
    2.5Von der mRNA zum Protein17
    2.6RNA20
    2.7Chromosomen21
    2.8Besonderheiten der Geschlechtschromosomen24
    2.9Mitose und Meiose27
    3Mutationen und genetische Variabilität31
    3.1Begriffsklärungen31
    3.2Mutationstypen33
    3.3Zahlenmäßige Chromosomenstörungen35
    3.4Strukturelle Chromosomenstörungen36
    3.5Genmutationen40
    3.6Dynamische Mutationen, Trinukleotidrepeats44
    4Pathomechanismen genetischer Krankheiten51
    4.1Vom Genotyp zum Phänotyp51
    4.2Dominant und rezessiv53
    4.3Epigenetik und genomisches Imprinting59
    4.4Mosaike68
    5Vererbungsformen72
    5.1Mendel-Regeln72
    5.2Autosomal-dominante Vererbung72
    5.3Autosomal-rezessive Vererbung74
    5.4X-chromosomale Vererbung76
    5.5Y-chromosomale Vererbung78
    5.6Mitochondriale Vererbung78
    5.7Multifaktorielle Vererbung81
    6Mehrlingsschwangerschaften83
    6.1Zwillingsschwangerschaften83
    6.2Doppelfehlbildungen84
    7Tumorgenetik85
    7.1Krebs ist eine genetische Erkrankung85
    7.2Onkogene86
    7.3Tumorsuppressorgene88
    8Aitern und Genetik91
    8.1Veränderungen auf Proteinebene91
    8.2Veränderung auf DNA-Ebene92
    9Pharmakogenetik94
    9.1Grundlagen des Arzneimittelstoffwechsels94
    9.2Pharmakogenetik in der Praxis95
    9.3Pharmakogenetische Krankheiten96
    9.4Pharmakogenomik97
    II Humangenetik als ärztliches Fach
    10Humangenetik als ärztliches Fach101
    10.1Diagnose genetischer Krankheiten101
    10.2Patientenbetreuung und Koordination ihres interdisziplinären Managements102
    10.3Humangenetische Beratung102
    10.4Humangenetische Grundlagenforschung102
    11Genetische Beratung103
    11.1Begleitung und Beratung103
    11.2Aufgaben und Ziele der genetischen Beratung103
    11.3Besondere Beratungssituationen104
    11.4Nondirektivität107
    12Zugang zum Patienten108
    12.1Eigenanamnese108
    12.2Familienanamnese und Stammbaumanalyse109
    12.3Klinisch-genetische Untersuchung110
    12.4Verhaltensauffälligkeiten114
    12.5Weiterführende Untersuchungen114
    12.6Ratschläge für »Syndromologen in spe«115
    13Fehlbildungen und andere morphogenetische Störungen116
    13.1Embryologie116
    13.2Morphologische Einzeldefekte118
    13.3Multiple morphologische Defekte120
    13.4Teratogene Faktoren123
    14Risikoberechnung131
    14.1Wahrscheinlich oder unwahrscheinlich?131
    14.2Regeln der Risikoberechnung132
    14.3Hardy-Weinberg-Gesetz135
    14.4Faktoren, die das Hardy-Weinberg-Gleichgewicht stören138
    15Genetische Labordiagnostik141
    15.1Zytogenetik141
    15.2Molekulargenetik147
    16Stoffwechseldiagnostik und Neugeborenenscreening156
    16.1Stoffwechseldiagnostik156
    16.2Grundlagen des Neugeborenenscreenings157
    Inhaltsverzeichnis
    16.3Durchführung des Neugeborenenscreenings158
    16.4Wichtige im Neugeborenenscreening erfasste Krankheiten159
    17Pränataldiagnostik162
    17.1Nichtinvasive Untersuchungsmethoden163
    17.2Invasive Untersuchungsmethoden166
    18Humangenetik - eine ethische Herausforderung169
    18.1Ethische Prinzipien169
    18.2Pränataldiagnostik und Schwangerschaftsabbruch169
    18.3Präimplantationsdiagnostik171
    18.4Genetische Untersuchungen im Versicherungsbereich und im Arbeitsleben172
    18.5Eugenik173
    III Klinische Genetik
    19Angeborene Fehlbildungssyndrome177
    19.1Numerische Chromosomenaberrationen177
    19.2Strukturelle Chromosomenaberrationen188
    19.3Multiple angeborene Fehlbildungen als Folge einzelner Gendefekte192
    20Haut und Bindegewebe195
    20.1Erbliche Hautkrankheiten195
    20.2Erbliche Bindegewebekrankheiten198
    21Kreislaufsystem und Hämatologie204
    21.1Angeborene Herzfehler204
    21.2Kardiomyopathie209
    21.3Erbliche Herzrhythmusstörungen210
    21.4Blutgruppen210
    21.5Anämien211
    21.6Erbliche Blutungsneigung216
    21.7ErblicheThromboseneigung (Thrombophilie)218
    22Atmungssystem220
    22.1Monogene Lungenkrankheiten220
    22.2Multifaktorielle Lungenkrankheiten224
    23Verdauungssystem225
    23.1Entwicklung und Gliederung225
    23.2Fehlbildungen225
    23.3Leberfunktionsstörungen228
    23.4Ikterus und Hyperbilirubinämie231
    24Stoffwechselkrankheiten233
    24.1Störungen des Intermediärstoffwechsels233
    24.2Störungen des lysosomalen Stoffwechsels241
    24.3Störungen des Lipidstoffwechsels242
    24.4Störungen anderer Stoffwechselwege244
    25Endokrinium und Immunsystem247
    25.1Diabetes mellitus247
    25.2Adrenogenitales Syndrom248
    25.3Autoimmun-Polyendokrinopathien251
    26Skelett und Bewegungssystem253
    26.1Abnorme Knochenbrüchigkeit253
    26.2Skelettdysplasien253
    26.3Kraniosynostosen255
    26.4Metabolische Knochenkrankheiten258
    26.5Multifaktorielle angeborene Skelettfehlbildungen259
    27Harntrakt262
    27.1Angeborene Nierenfehlbildungen262
    27.2Zystische Nierenkrankheiten262
    27.3Krankheiten des Nierentubulussystems263
    28Genitalorgane und Sexualentwicklung264
    28.1Störungen der Geschlechtsentwicklung264
    28.2Genitalfehlbildungen266
    29Augen268
    29.1Angeborene Störungen des Farbensehens268
    29.2Katarakt269
    29.3Blindheit269
    30Ohren und Gehör272
    30.1Erbliche Formen der Gehörlosigkeit272
    30.2Umweltfaktoren und Taubheit273
    31Neurologische und neuromuskuläre Krankheiten274
    31.1Neurodegenerative ZNS-Krankheiten274
    31.2Andere ZNS-Krankheiten282
    31.3Krankheiten des peripheren Nervensystems293
    31.4Erbliche Muskelkrankheiten294
    32Tumorerkrankungen298
    32.1Leukämien und Lymphome298
    32.2Solide maligne Tumoren des Kindesalters299
    32.3Brust-und Ovarialkrebs301
    32.4Kolorektale Tumoren304
    32.5Multiple endokrine Neoplasien (MEN)309
    32.6Hamartosen311
    32.7Störungen der DNA-Reparatur316
    32.8Andere familiäre Krebsprädispositionssyndrome319
    IV Besondere klinische Probleme
    33Sterilität und Infertilität323
    33.1Infertilität des Mannes323
    33.2Sterilität/Infertilität der Frau327
    Inhaltsverzeichnis
    34Fehlgeburten329
    34.1Ursachen von Fehl-und Totgeburten329
    34.2Habituelle Aborte330
    35Wachstumsstörungen332
    35.1Kleinwuchs332
    35.2Großwuchs/Überwuchs335
    35.3Adipositas335
    35.4Dystrophie337
    36Abnormer Kopfumfang339
    36.1Mikrozephalie339
    36.2Makrozephalie341
    37Erhöhte Infektanfälligkeit343
    V Patientenberichte
    38Patienten und deren Familien berichten349
    38.1Felix349
    38.2Zum 50. Geburtstag einer Frau mit Triple-X-Syndrom350
    38.3Simon351
    Stichwortverzeichnis353