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    Der Experimentator Molekularbiologie / Genomics

    Der Experimentator Molekularbiologie / Genomics

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Springer-Verlag   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Auflage: 7., aktualisierte Aufl. 2013
    Erschienen: Juli 2013
    Seiten: 303
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 39.99 €
    Illustration: 65 schwarz-weiße Abbildungen, 19 schwarz-weiße Tabellen
    Maße: 241x170x20
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    Zum Buch: Book
    ISBN: 9783642346354

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    1Was bitte ist denn »Molekularbiologie«?1
    1.1Das Substrat der Molekularbiologie, oder: Molli-World für Anfänger2
    1.2Was brauche ich zum Arbeiten?7
    1.3Sicherheit im Labor9
    Literatur11
    2Einige grundlegende Methoden13
    2.1Nucleinsäure ist gleich Nucleinsäure und auch wieder nicht15
    2.2Methoden zur DNA-Präparation16
    2.2.1Bakterienmedien17
    2.2.2Präparation von Plasmid-DNA17
    2.2.3Minipräparation18
    2.2.4Maxipräparation20
    2.2.5Präparation von Phagen-DNA22
    2.2.6Präparation einzelsträngiger DNA mittels Helferphagen25
    2.2.7Präparation von genomischer DNA26
    2.3Die Reinigung von Nucleinsäuren27
    2.3.1Phenol-Chloroform-Extraktion27
    2.3.2Anionenaustauschersäulen29
    2.3.3Glasmilch/Silikat-Membranen31
    2.3.4Cäsiumchlorid-Dichtegradient32
    2.3.5Fällung mit PEG33
    2.3.6Dialyse34
    2.3.7Magnetic beads34
    2.3.8Proteinbindende Filtermembranen35
    2.3.9Alkoholfällung35
    2.3.10Konzentratoren36
    2.3.11Exonuclease-Phosphatase-Verdau36
    2.4Konzentrieren von Nucleinsäuren36
    2.4.1Alkoholfällung36
    2.4.2Konzentratoren39
    2.4.3SpeedVac40
    2.4.4»Aussalzen«40
    2.5Konzentrationsbestimmung von Nucleinsäurelösungen40
    2.5.1OD-Messung mittels Absorptionsspektrometrie40
    2.5.2Konzentrationsbestimmung mittels Agarosegel42
    2.5.3Dot-Quantifizierung42
    2.5.4Fluorometrische Bestimmung43
    2.5.5Nucleinsäure-Messstäbchen43
    2.5.6Enzymatischer Nachweis44
    Literatur44
    Inhaltsverzeichnis
    3Das Werkzeug47
    3.1Restriktionsenzyme43
    3.1.1Der Aktivitätstest, oder: Was ist eine Einheit und wie viel bekomme ich für mein Geld?51
    3.1.2Wie macht man einen Restriktionsverdau?52
    3.1.3Schwierigkeiten beim Restriktionsverdau54
    3.1.4Nachschlagewerke zum Thema Restriktionsverdau58
    3.1.5Neuere Entwicklungen53
    32Gele53
    3.2.1Agarosegele53
    3.2.2DNA-Fragmente aus Agarosegelen isolieren65
    3.2.3Polyacrylamidgele (PA-Gele)69
    3.2.4DNA-Fragmente aus PA-Gelen isolieren71
    3.2.5Pulsfeldgelelektrophorese (PFGE)71
    3.2.6Kapillarelektrophorese72
    3.2.7Mikrochip-Kapillarelektrophorese72
    3.3 Blotten................................
    3.3.1Southern Blot73
    3.3.2Northern Blot76
    3.3.3Dot und Slot Blot77
    Literatur79
    4Die Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR)81
    4.1Die Standard-PCR82
    4.2Neue Entwicklungen92
    4.3Tipps zur Verbesserung der PCR93
    4.3.1NestedPCR95
    4.3.2Multiplex PCR95
    4.3.3Amplifikation langer DNA-Fragmente (> 5 kb)96
    4.4PCR-Anwendungen97
    4.4.1Reverse Transkription - Polymerasekettenreaktion (RT-PCR)97
    4.4.2Rapid Amplification ofcDNA Ends (RACE)97
    4.4.3Amplifikation zufälliger Produkte98
    4.4.4Klassische quantitative PCR101
    4.4.5Real-time quantitative PCR103
    4.4.6Inverse PCR108
    4.4.7Biotin-RAGE und Supported PCR108
    4.4.8Mutagenese mit modifizierten Primern109
    4.4.9Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)110
    4.4.10in-situ-PCR110
    4.4.11Cycle sequencing111
    4.4.12cDNA-Synthese111
    4.4.13Einzelzell-PCR112
    Literatur113
    5RNA115
    5.1Wie inaktiviert man RNasen?116
    5.2Methoden der RNA-Isolierung117
    5.2.1Single step-Methoöe117
    5.2.2Lyse mit Nonidet P-40118
    5.2.3Allgemeines118
    5.2.4Konzentrationsbestimmung bei RNA118
    5.3Methoden der mRNA-lsolierung119
    5.3.1RNA kaufen120
    5.4Reverse Transkription (cDNA-Synthese)120
    5.5/n-v/fro-Transkription (RNA-Synthese)121
    5.6Serial Analysis of Gene Expression {SAGE)122
    5.7RNA-Interferenz (RNAi)127
    Literatur181
    6Die Klonierung von DNA-Fragmenten133
    6.1Die Grundlagen des Klonierens134
    6.1.1Klonieren von PCR-Produkten140
    6.1.2Ligation independent cloning (LIC)142
    6.1.3Klonieren mit Rekombinase-Systemen143
    6.2Mit welchen Vektoren klonieren?146
    6.2.1Plasmide146
    6.2.2Phagen149
    6.2.3Cosmide161
    6.2.4PACs und BACs151
    6.2.5YACs152
    6.3Welche Bakterien?163
    6.4Herstellen kompetenter Zellen und Transformation153
    6.4.1Calciumchlorid-Methode164
    6.4.2Rubidiumchlorid-Methode165
    6.4.3TSS-Methode165
    6.4.4Elektroporation165
    6.4.5Wie testet man die Kompetenz der Bakterien?157
    6.5Probleme beim Klonieren158
    6.6Die Lagerung von Klonen159
    Literatur.................................16°
    7Wie man DNA aufspürt163
    7.1Herstellung von Sonden164
    7.1.1Methoden zur Herstellung markierter Sonden165
    7.2Hybridisierung169
    7.2.1Der Hybridisierungspuffer169
    7.2.2Die Hybridisierungsgefäße169
    7.2.3Die Hybridisierungstemperatur170
    7.2.4Waschen170
    7.3Nachweis der markierten DNA171
    7.3.1Autoradiographic171
    Inhaltsverzeichnis
    7.3.2Nicht-radioaktive Nachweismethoden172
    7.4Screenen von rekombinanten DNA-Banken175
    7.4.1Ausplattieren der Bank175
    7.4.2Filter ziehen175
    7.4.3Filter hybridisieren176
    7.4.4Filter exponieren177
    7.4.5Klon ausfindig machen177
    7.4.6Bankenscreenen in der Zukunft178
    7.5Two-Hybrid-System178
    7.6Phage Display181
    Literatur182
    8DNA-Analyse183
    8.1Sequenzierung184
    8.1.1Radioaktive Sequenzierung185
    8.1.2Nicht-radioaktive Sequenzierung und automatische Sequenziergeräte188
    8.1.3Schrotschuss-Sequenzierung189
    8.1.4Kurioses zum Thema Sequenzieren: Octamere190
    8.1.5Minisequenzierung190
    8.1.6Pyrosequenzierung zum Ersten191
    8.1.7Pyrosequenzierung zum Zweiten193
    8.1.8Weitere Methoden der Massen-Parallelsequenzierung194
    8.1.9Die Zukunft der Sequenzierung199
    8.2Methoden zur Analyse von DNA auf Mutationen201
    8.2.1Restriktionsfragment-Längenpolymorphismus (RFLP)201
    8.2.2Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)201
    8.2.3Denaturierende Gradientengelelektrophorese (DGGE)203
    8.2.4Temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE)204
    8.2.5Fleteroduplexanalyse (HA)205
    8.2.6Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)206
    8.2.7Enzymatische Spaltung von Fehlpaarungen {enzyme mismatch cleavage, EMC)206
    8.2.8Protein truncation test (PTT)207
    Literatur208
    9Untersuchung der Funktion von DNA-Sequenzen211
    9.1Untersuchung der Transkription in Geweben212
    9.1.1Ribonuclease protection assay (RPA)213
    9.1.2Real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR)213
    9.1.3/n-s/fu-Hybridisierung214
    9.1.4Chromosomale Lokalisierung eines Gens (FISH)216
    9.1.5in-situ-PCR217
    9.1.6Microarrays217
    9.1.7Chromatin-lmmunopräzipitation(ChlP)223
    9.2Mutagenese225
    9.2.1Techniken der Mutagenese227
    9.3in-vitro-Translation233
    9.4Expressionssysteme235
    9.4.1Bakterielle Expressionssysteme235
    9.4.2Baculovirus-Expressionssysteme236
    9.4.3Weitere Expressionssysteme237
    9.4.4Heterologe Expression in Säugerzellen238
    9.4.5Transfektionsmethoden240
    9.4.6Kotransfektion mehrerer Gene246
    9.4.7Transiente und stabile Transfektionen247
    9.4.8Reportergene248
    9.5Transgene Mäuse254
    9.5.1Methoden des Gentransfers255
    9.6Regulation der Transgenexpression259
    9.6.1Das Tet-System259
    9.6.2Das Ecdyson-System261
    9.7Gentherapie261
    9.8Genomik263
    9.8.1Ausblick266
    Literatur266
    10Tipps für die Karriereplanung269
    10.1Publikationen .......................... •270
    10.2Karriere272
    10.3Die tägliche Arbeit275
    11Zu guter Letzt279
    Serviceteil283
    Anhang284
    Glossar288
    Literatur292
    Sachverzeichnis294