Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241 Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: this version of PCRE is not compiled with PCRE_UTF8 support at offset 0 in /web/Sites/BlickinsBuch.de/functions.php on line 241
Autoren:
Verlag:
Springer-Verlag Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
1 | Was bitte ist denn »Molekularbiologie«? | 1 |
1.1 | Das Substrat der Molekularbiologie, oder: Molli-World für Anfänger | 2 |
1.2 | Was brauche ich zum Arbeiten? | 7 |
1.3 | Sicherheit im Labor | 9 |
Literatur | 11 | |
2 | Einige grundlegende Methoden | 13 |
2.1 | Nucleinsäure ist gleich Nucleinsäure und auch wieder nicht | 15 |
2.2 | Methoden zur DNA-Präparation | 16 |
2.2.1 | Bakterienmedien | 17 |
2.2.2 | Präparation von Plasmid-DNA | 17 |
2.2.3 | Minipräparation | 18 |
2.2.4 | Maxipräparation | 20 |
2.2.5 | Präparation von Phagen-DNA | 22 |
2.2.6 | Präparation einzelsträngiger DNA mittels Helferphagen | 25 |
2.2.7 | Präparation von genomischer DNA | 26 |
2.3 | Die Reinigung von Nucleinsäuren | 27 |
2.3.1 | Phenol-Chloroform-Extraktion | 27 |
2.3.2 | Anionenaustauschersäulen | 29 |
2.3.3 | Glasmilch/Silikat-Membranen | 31 |
2.3.4 | Cäsiumchlorid-Dichtegradient | 32 |
2.3.5 | Fällung mit PEG | 33 |
2.3.6 | Dialyse | 34 |
2.3.7 | Magnetic beads | 34 |
2.3.8 | Proteinbindende Filtermembranen | 35 |
2.3.9 | Alkoholfällung | 35 |
2.3.10 | Konzentratoren | 36 |
2.3.11 | Exonuclease-Phosphatase-Verdau | 36 |
2.4 | Konzentrieren von Nucleinsäuren | 36 |
2.4.1 | Alkoholfällung | 36 |
2.4.2 | Konzentratoren | 39 |
2.4.3 | SpeedVac | 40 |
2.4.4 | »Aussalzen« | 40 |
2.5 | Konzentrationsbestimmung von Nucleinsäurelösungen | 40 |
2.5.1 | OD-Messung mittels Absorptionsspektrometrie | 40 |
2.5.2 | Konzentrationsbestimmung mittels Agarosegel | 42 |
2.5.3 | Dot-Quantifizierung | 42 |
2.5.4 | Fluorometrische Bestimmung | 43 |
2.5.5 | Nucleinsäure-Messstäbchen | 43 |
2.5.6 | Enzymatischer Nachweis | 44 |
Literatur | 44 | |
Inhaltsverzeichnis | ||
3 | Das Werkzeug | 47 |
3.1 | Restriktionsenzyme | 43 |
3.1.1 | Der Aktivitätstest, oder: Was ist eine Einheit und wie viel bekomme ich für mein Geld? | 51 |
3.1.2 | Wie macht man einen Restriktionsverdau? | 52 |
3.1.3 | Schwierigkeiten beim Restriktionsverdau | 54 |
3.1.4 | Nachschlagewerke zum Thema Restriktionsverdau | 58 |
3.1.5 | Neuere Entwicklungen | 53 |
32 | Gele | 53 |
3.2.1 | Agarosegele | 53 |
3.2.2 | DNA-Fragmente aus Agarosegelen isolieren | 65 |
3.2.3 | Polyacrylamidgele (PA-Gele) | 69 |
3.2.4 | DNA-Fragmente aus PA-Gelen isolieren | 71 |
3.2.5 | Pulsfeldgelelektrophorese (PFGE) | 71 |
3.2.6 | Kapillarelektrophorese | 72 |
3.2.7 | Mikrochip-Kapillarelektrophorese | 72 |
3.3 Blotten................................ | ||
3.3.1 | Southern Blot | 73 |
3.3.2 | Northern Blot | 76 |
3.3.3 | Dot und Slot Blot | 77 |
Literatur | 79 | |
4 | Die Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) | 81 |
4.1 | Die Standard-PCR | 82 |
4.2 | Neue Entwicklungen | 92 |
4.3 | Tipps zur Verbesserung der PCR | 93 |
4.3.1 | NestedPCR | 95 |
4.3.2 | Multiplex PCR | 95 |
4.3.3 | Amplifikation langer DNA-Fragmente (> 5 kb) | 96 |
4.4 | PCR-Anwendungen | 97 |
4.4.1 | Reverse Transkription - Polymerasekettenreaktion (RT-PCR) | 97 |
4.4.2 | Rapid Amplification ofcDNA Ends (RACE) | 97 |
4.4.3 | Amplifikation zufälliger Produkte | 98 |
4.4.4 | Klassische quantitative PCR | 101 |
4.4.5 | Real-time quantitative PCR | 103 |
4.4.6 | Inverse PCR | 108 |
4.4.7 | Biotin-RAGE und Supported PCR | 108 |
4.4.8 | Mutagenese mit modifizierten Primern | 109 |
4.4.9 | Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) | 110 |
4.4.10 | in-situ-PCR | 110 |
4.4.11 | Cycle sequencing | 111 |
4.4.12 | cDNA-Synthese | 111 |
4.4.13 | Einzelzell-PCR | 112 |
Literatur | 113 | |
5 | RNA | 115 |
5.1 | Wie inaktiviert man RNasen? | 116 |
5.2 | Methoden der RNA-Isolierung | 117 |
5.2.1 | Single step-Methoöe | 117 |
5.2.2 | Lyse mit Nonidet P-40 | 118 |
5.2.3 | Allgemeines | 118 |
5.2.4 | Konzentrationsbestimmung bei RNA | 118 |
5.3 | Methoden der mRNA-lsolierung | 119 |
5.3.1 | RNA kaufen | 120 |
5.4 | Reverse Transkription (cDNA-Synthese) | 120 |
5.5 | /n-v/fro-Transkription (RNA-Synthese) | 121 |
5.6 | Serial Analysis of Gene Expression {SAGE) | 122 |
5.7 | RNA-Interferenz (RNAi) | 127 |
Literatur | 181 | |
6 | Die Klonierung von DNA-Fragmenten | 133 |
6.1 | Die Grundlagen des Klonierens | 134 |
6.1.1 | Klonieren von PCR-Produkten | 140 |
6.1.2 | Ligation independent cloning (LIC) | 142 |
6.1.3 | Klonieren mit Rekombinase-Systemen | 143 |
6.2 | Mit welchen Vektoren klonieren? | 146 |
6.2.1 | Plasmide | 146 |
6.2.2 | Phagen | 149 |
6.2.3 | Cosmide | 161 |
6.2.4 | PACs und BACs | 151 |
6.2.5 | YACs | 152 |
6.3 | Welche Bakterien? | 163 |
6.4 | Herstellen kompetenter Zellen und Transformation | 153 |
6.4.1 | Calciumchlorid-Methode | 164 |
6.4.2 | Rubidiumchlorid-Methode | 165 |
6.4.3 | TSS-Methode | 165 |
6.4.4 | Elektroporation | 165 |
6.4.5 | Wie testet man die Kompetenz der Bakterien? | 157 |
6.5 | Probleme beim Klonieren | 158 |
6.6 | Die Lagerung von Klonen | 159 |
Literatur.................................16° | ||
7 | Wie man DNA aufspürt | 163 |
7.1 | Herstellung von Sonden | 164 |
7.1.1 | Methoden zur Herstellung markierter Sonden | 165 |
7.2 | Hybridisierung | 169 |
7.2.1 | Der Hybridisierungspuffer | 169 |
7.2.2 | Die Hybridisierungsgefäße | 169 |
7.2.3 | Die Hybridisierungstemperatur | 170 |
7.2.4 | Waschen | 170 |
7.3 | Nachweis der markierten DNA | 171 |
7.3.1 | Autoradiographic | 171 |
Inhaltsverzeichnis | ||
7.3.2 | Nicht-radioaktive Nachweismethoden | 172 |
7.4 | Screenen von rekombinanten DNA-Banken | 175 |
7.4.1 | Ausplattieren der Bank | 175 |
7.4.2 | Filter ziehen | 175 |
7.4.3 | Filter hybridisieren | 176 |
7.4.4 | Filter exponieren | 177 |
7.4.5 | Klon ausfindig machen | 177 |
7.4.6 | Bankenscreenen in der Zukunft | 178 |
7.5 | Two-Hybrid-System | 178 |
7.6 | Phage Display | 181 |
Literatur | 182 | |
8 | DNA-Analyse | 183 |
8.1 | Sequenzierung | 184 |
8.1.1 | Radioaktive Sequenzierung | 185 |
8.1.2 | Nicht-radioaktive Sequenzierung und automatische Sequenziergeräte | 188 |
8.1.3 | Schrotschuss-Sequenzierung | 189 |
8.1.4 | Kurioses zum Thema Sequenzieren: Octamere | 190 |
8.1.5 | Minisequenzierung | 190 |
8.1.6 | Pyrosequenzierung zum Ersten | 191 |
8.1.7 | Pyrosequenzierung zum Zweiten | 193 |
8.1.8 | Weitere Methoden der Massen-Parallelsequenzierung | 194 |
8.1.9 | Die Zukunft der Sequenzierung | 199 |
8.2 | Methoden zur Analyse von DNA auf Mutationen | 201 |
8.2.1 | Restriktionsfragment-Längenpolymorphismus (RFLP) | 201 |
8.2.2 | Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) | 201 |
8.2.3 | Denaturierende Gradientengelelektrophorese (DGGE) | 203 |
8.2.4 | Temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) | 204 |
8.2.5 | Fleteroduplexanalyse (HA) | 205 |
8.2.6 | Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) | 206 |
8.2.7 | Enzymatische Spaltung von Fehlpaarungen {enzyme mismatch cleavage, EMC) | 206 |
8.2.8 | Protein truncation test (PTT) | 207 |
Literatur | 208 | |
9 | Untersuchung der Funktion von DNA-Sequenzen | 211 |
9.1 | Untersuchung der Transkription in Geweben | 212 |
9.1.1 | Ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) | 213 |
9.1.2 | Real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) | 213 |
9.1.3 | /n-s/fu-Hybridisierung | 214 |
9.1.4 | Chromosomale Lokalisierung eines Gens (FISH) | 216 |
9.1.5 | in-situ-PCR | 217 |
9.1.6 | Microarrays | 217 |
9.1.7 | Chromatin-lmmunopräzipitation(ChlP) | 223 |
9.2 | Mutagenese | 225 |
9.2.1 | Techniken der Mutagenese | 227 |
9.3 | in-vitro-Translation | 233 |
9.4 | Expressionssysteme | 235 |
9.4.1 | Bakterielle Expressionssysteme | 235 |
9.4.2 | Baculovirus-Expressionssysteme | 236 |
9.4.3 | Weitere Expressionssysteme | 237 |
9.4.4 | Heterologe Expression in Säugerzellen | 238 |
9.4.5 | Transfektionsmethoden | 240 |
9.4.6 | Kotransfektion mehrerer Gene | 246 |
9.4.7 | Transiente und stabile Transfektionen | 247 |
9.4.8 | Reportergene | 248 |
9.5 | Transgene Mäuse | 254 |
9.5.1 | Methoden des Gentransfers | 255 |
9.6 | Regulation der Transgenexpression | 259 |
9.6.1 | Das Tet-System | 259 |
9.6.2 | Das Ecdyson-System | 261 |
9.7 | Gentherapie | 261 |
9.8 | Genomik | 263 |
9.8.1 | Ausblick | 266 |
Literatur | 266 | |
10 | Tipps für die Karriereplanung | 269 |
10.1 | Publikationen .......................... • | 270 |
10.2 | Karriere | 272 |
10.3 | Die tägliche Arbeit | 275 |
11 | Zu guter Letzt | 279 |
Serviceteil | 283 | |
Anhang | 284 | |
Glossar | 288 | |
Literatur | 292 | |
Sachverzeichnis | 294 | |
Sachverzeichnis
A
Absorptionsmaximum, 252
Absorptionsspektrometrie, 40
Acetyl-CoA, 249
Adenin, 288
Adenosin, 4,6,53,90,129, 141
Adenosin-5'-phosphosulfat, 192
Aequorea victoria, 251, 289
Affinitätschromatographie, 34
ß-Agarase, 69
Agarose, 22,59-61,69
- Konzentration, 61
- low melting point, 60,68
- sieving, 60
Agarosegel, 42,58,65
Agarosekonzentration, 60
Agar-stabs, 159
Alkalische Lyse, 19
Alkalische Phosphatase, 173
- CIP, 135
- sekretierte, 250
- shrimp, 36,135
Alkoholfällung, 35, 36
Aminoglykosid-
Phosphotransferase, 247
Ammoniumacetat, 37, 71, 168
Ampicillin, 148,288
Amplification Refractory
Mutation System,
?ARMS
Ankerprimer, 98-100,196, 197
Annealingtemperatur, 83
Antibiotika, 63,148,260, 284
Antisense-Oligonucleotide, 128
APS, ?Adenosin-5'- phosphosulfat Apyrase, 192
ARMS, 109,110,206
Array, 78,217, 218
ATP-Sulfurylase, 192
Auffüllen von Enden, ?fill-in Aufnahmekapazität, 135
Aussalzen, 36,40
Ausschlussgröße, 34,39,41
Ausschlusskörperchen, 237
Austauschkonstrukte, 257, 258
Autoradiographic, 110,171,
187
Avidin, 216
Azur, 62
B
BAC, 146,151,288
Bacillus subtilis, 144
Bacterial Artificial
Chromosome, ?BAC
Bakterien, 15,147,153,154,
157, 229
Bakterienmedien, 8,17,284
- LB, 284
- SOC, 284
- TB, 284
Bakteriophagen, ?Phagen BCIP, 173,216,288
Beschuss, 245
BES-Puffer, 241
Beta in, 86
Bioinformatik, 201,265
Biopanning, 181
Biotin, 109,124,190
Biotin-RAGE, 108
Blau-weiß-Selektion, 147,
148,151,153
blunt ends, ?glatte Enden Bluo-Gal, 148
Blutproben, 27
boiling method, 19,21
Borat, 60,65, 290
Boten-RNA, ?mRNA
Brilliantkresylblau, 62
Bromphenolblau, 56,64, 70, 168
BSA, 52,55, 92,110,288
BsmFI, 125
Butanol, 28, 36,37
- Fällung, 156
C
carry-over, 94,157
Cäsiumchlorid, 223
- kontinuierlicher Gradient,
32
- Stufengradient, 24
CAT, ?Chloramphenicol-
Acetyltransferase CcdB, 144,149
cDNA, 288
- Quantifizierung, 121
- Synthese, 111,120
C.elegans, 129
Cellulose, 29,119
CG-Inseln, 56,57
chaotrope Salze, 31,66,117,
160
ChargeSwitch Technology, 35
CHEF, 288
Chemilumineszenz, 173
Chinolingelb, 65
ChIP, 200,223, 224
Chloramphenicol, 144,148, 249
Chloramphenicol-
Acetyltransferase, 247, 249
Chlornaphthol, 173
Chloroform, 21,27,116
CHO, 288
Chromatin-
Immunopräzipitation,
?ChIP
Citrat, 27
CMV, 212,260,288
CNV, Vcopy number variants Codonnutzung, 252
cold start, 93
Concatemer, 125,151
copy number variants, 221,
265
cos site, 151
Cosmide, 151,176
Cre Rekombinase, 143
Crosslinking, 75
crystal violet, 62,66
CTAB, 23, 288
cut-ligation, 140
cycle sequencing, 111,187
Cytidin, 4
Cytosin, 49,56
D
DAB, 288
DAPI, 216,217,288
DEAE-Cellulose, 23
DEAE-Membran, 68
denaturierende Gradienten-
gelelektrophorese,
?DGGE
DEPC, 116,288
Dephosphorylierung, 135, 167
Desoxyribose, 4
Dextran, 29
Dextranblau, 38,168
DGGE, 203
Dialyse, 34
Diatomeen-Erde, 66
Dicer, 128,129
Didesoxynucleotide, 4,167,
186,191,220
Diethylpyrocarbonat,
?DEPC
differential display, 98
Dimethylformamid, 55,148, 288
Dimethylsulfoxid, ?DMSO
DipStick, 43
Discosoma striata, 251
ditag, 125
DMSO, 86,93,94, 243,288
DNA, 3
DNA Array, 78,217
DNA-Chips, 191,217
DNA-Polymerasen, 5,37, 111,165
- Klenow-Fragment, 122,
136,166,167,187
- mit RT-Aktivität, 97,120
- T4,44,122,136,140,142,
167
- T7,166,187
- thermostabile, ?PCR
DNAQuant, 44
DNase I footprinting, 223,224
dominante Marker, 247
Dot Blot, 77,164
DOTMA, 243
Dot-Quantifizierung, 42
Dpnl, 49,57, 229,230,233
dsRNA, 128
DTT,55,118,122,288
Sachverzeichnis
E
Ecdyson, 261
EcoP15l, 50,126
EDTA, 27,86,288
Einschlusskörperchen, 236
Electronic Northern, 77
Elektro-Blotter, 75
Elektroelution, 67,71
Elektropherogramm, 72
Elektrophoresepuffer, 59,70
ELISA, 249, 288
Elongation, 82,83,85
EMBL, 288
EMC, 206
Emissionsmaximum, 43,252, 253
Endocytose, 241 -243
Endonuclease VII, 206
Entsalzen, 36,37
Entsorgung, 11,29,165
enzyme mismatch cleavage, 206
EST, 77,189
Ether, 27
Ethidiumbromid, 9, 32,43, 61,62, 70,103,119,202
- Nachweisgrenze, 52,62
Exon, 6
Exonuclease, 36,52,198,233
expressed sequence tags,
?EST
Expressionsanalyse, 220
Expressionssysteme, 235
- Baculovirus, 236
- Bakterien, 235
- Drosophila, 238
- Hefen, 237
- Säugerzellen, 238
- Viren, 239
- Xenopus-Oocyten, 238
Expressionsvektoren, 129,
212, 241,260
F
FACS, 247, 251,253,289
FCS, 260
Ficoll, 27,64
fill-in, 125,136,164,167
FISH, 175,214,216
F ITC, 217, 253,289
fluorescence resonance
energy transfer, ?FRET
Fluoreszenz-/'n-s/'fi/-
Hybridisierung,
?FISH
Fluorographie, 171
Fluorometrische
Bestimmung, 43
foetales Kälberserum, 260
Formaldehyd, 70, 76,188,
214,223
Formamid, 86,118,169, 204
FRET, 104,105, 253
Fusionsprotein, 179,181, 248, 253
G
Galacton, 250
ß-Galactosidase, 147,153,
179,250
GC-Klammer, 203
gDNA, ?genomische DNA
gekoppelte Reaktion, 44,191
Gelborange S, 65
Gelchromatographie, 168
Gen, 6
Gene Gun, 246
Genom, 15,263
Genomik, 263
genomische DNA, 15,16,54
- Präparation, 26
Genotypisierung, 220
Gentechnik-
Sicherheitsverordnung, 9
Gentherapie, 239,261
Gewebedünnschnitte, 110, 214
GFP, 246,248, 251-253, 289
- split GFP tagging system,
254
Glasmilch, 31,66
glatte Enden, 50,90,137,228
G LP, 11
Glühwürmchen, 249
Glycerin, 64,86,159
Glykogen, 38,224
Glykomik, 264
Good Laboratory Practice, 11
Green fluorescent protein,
?GFP
Größen marker, 42,61,65,76, 158
Guanidinisothiocyanat, 66,
117
Guanosin,4
Gyrase, 149
H
Haarnadeln, 88
Halbwertszeit, 55,90,165,
187,249,252
Hefesphaeroblasten, 152
Helferphagen, 25,150
Helicase, 92
Heparin, 27,86
Heteroduplexanalyse, 205
heterologe Expression, 235, 238
Hexamere, 98,166
Hitzeinaktivierung, 54,135
Hitzeschock, 154
Hoechst 33258,43,103
Homidiumbromid, 63
homologe Rekombination,
255,257
hot start, 93
HRP, 172,173
Humanes
Wachstumshormon, 250
Hybridisierung, 164
- Gefäße, 169
- hybridization bags, 170
- Plastiktüten, 169
- Röhren, 170
- Temperatur, 170
hybridization probes, 104
Hygromycin-B-
Phosphotransferase, 247
I
inclusion bodies, 236
Insektenzellen, 236
- Drosophila, 238
Insertionskonstrukte, 257
Insertionsvektoren, 149
/'n-s/'fu-Hybridisierung, 214
Intron, 6
/'n-v/'fro-Transkription, 121
/n-w'fro-Translation, 233
Ion semiconductor
sequencing, 198
IPTG, 148, 289
Isoamylalkohol, 28, 284
Isopropanol, 37
Isoschizomer, 50
J
junk, 15
K
Kaliumacetat, 37
Kaliumchlorid, 37
Kanamycin, 148
Kapillarelektrophorese, 72
kationische Liposomen, 243
Klenow-Fragment,
?DNA-Polymerasen Klonierung, 134
- PCR-Produkte, 140
knock-in, 255
knock-out, 128
Knock-out-Mäuse, 257
Kompetenz, 154,157
Komplementation, 247
Komplexität, 289
Kompressionen, 187
Konzentrationsbestimmung,
40,118
Konzentratoren, 36
Kotransfektion, 246
Kristallviolett, 62
Kryokonservierung, 159
L
Laborbuch, 8
Lagerung von Plasmiden, 159
LB, ?Bakterienmedien Lebensmittelfarbe, 148
Lewinsky-Methode, 160
LIC 142
Ligase, 4,137,158
Ligation, 134,139
ligation assay, 52
Ligation Independent cloning,
?LIC
LightCycler, 108
Liposomenfusion, 244
Lithiumacetat, 20
Lithiumchlorid, 20,37,40
loading buffer,
?Proben puffer LongSAGE, 126
Luciferase, 44,249, 250
Luciferin, 192, 249, 250
Sachverzeichnis
Lumi-Gal, 250
Luminometer, 44,249
M
Macroarray, 78,218
magnetic beads, 34,109
Markierungsmethoden, 165
massively parallel
sequencing, 127,194
Mastermix, 289
mate-pairs, 289
Maxipräparation, ?Plasmide MCS, 147
Meerrettichperoxidase,
?HRP
Metagenomik, 200, 289
Methylasen, 49, 50, 56,153
- Dam, 57,153
- Dem, 57,153
Methylenblau, 62,63,66, 76,
119
Methylierung, 48,50,56
MgCI2-Konzentration, 86
Microarray, 217
microRNA, 128
Mikrochip, 72
Mikrodialyse, 34
Mikroinjektion, 121,238,
246, 255
Mineralöl, 85
Minipräparation, ?Plasmide Minisequenzierung, 190
MOI, 26
molecular beacons, 104
molecular weight cut-off, 41
mosaic-end, 146
Mosaik, 256
mRNA, 7,16,128,214
- Isolierung, 119
MUG, 250
multiple cloning site, 147
multiplicity of infection, 26
Multiplikationsfaktor, 85
Mutagenese, 109,225
MWCO, 41
N
NanoDrop, 41
Natriumacetat, 37
Natriumazid, 23
Natriumchlorid, 37
Natriumjodid, 66
Natriumperchlorat, 66
NBT, 173,216, 289
Neomycin, 247
Neoschizomer, 50
nested deletion, 233
Nick-Translation, 215
Nilblau A, 62
Nitrilhandschuhe,9
Nitrocellulose, 72, 75,174
NMWL, 41
Nonidet, 86,118
Northern Blot, 72, 76,164
- Reverse Northern, 78
Nucleinsäure-Messstäbchen, 43
Nylon, 72, 75,174
o
occlusion bodies, 237
Octamere, 190,196
OD2ÔO, 41
OD-Messung, 40
offenes Leseraster, 6
off-target effect, 129
Oligo-dT, ?Primer Oligonucleotide ONPG, 250
Orange G, 64,168
ORF, ?offenes Leseraster origin of replication, 16
origin of replication, ori, 146
orphan receptors, 182
overdigestion assay, 52
P
PAC, 151
PAGE, 289
partial fill-in, 138
particle delivery, 245
PCR, 82,167
- anchored PCR, 97
- Biotin-RAGE, 108
- differential display PCR,
100
- Einzelzell-PCR, 112
- emulsion PCR, 193
- Fehlerrate, 91
- Gradienten-PCR, 84
- in-situ-PCR, 110,217
- inverse PCR, 108
- langer DNA-Fragmente, 96
- Multiplex PCR, 95,108
- Mutagenese, 109
- nested PCR, 95,113
- Pfu-Polymerase, 90,91,96,
140, 225
- quantitative PCR, 101
- quantitative RT-PCR, 102
- RACE, 97
- real-time quantitative PCR,
103,106,107,213
- Reinigung, 31, 33,36
- RT-PCR, 97,103
- One-step, 97
- supported PCR, 108
- Taq-Polymerase, 53,82,
88, 89,95,111,142, 184,187,230
- Tth-Polymerase, 91,97,
111,141
- Zusätze, 86
PEG, 23, 33, 139,245
- Fällung, 33
Peptid-Banken, 182
peptide nucleic acids, 119
PFGE, 71
phage display, 181,182
Phagemide, 25,151
Phagen, 16,48,149,153, 175,181
- DNA-Präparation, 22
- lambda, 16,149
- M13,16,25,150,153,229
- PI, 143
- Plattenlysat, 22
Phagocytose, 241
Phenol-Chloroform-
Extraktion, 27
Phosphorlmager, 172
Photobiotinylierung, 168
Photolithographie, 219
Plasmide, 16
- high-copy, 18,147
- low-copy, 18,147
- Maxipräparation, 20
- Minipräparation, 18
- Reinigung, 17
PNA, 119
Pökel-DNA, 160
Polyacrylamid
- als Carrier, 38
- Gel, 69
Poly-A-Schwanz, 6,16, 98, 119
Polyethylenglycol, ?PEG
Polymerase-Kettenreaktion,
?PCR
Polynucleotidkinase, 166
Prähybridisierung, 169
Pressure-Blotter, 74
Primer, 87,93
- exo-resistant random, 166
- Konzentration, 88
- Oligo-dT, 98,119,120,123
- random, 166
Probenpuffer, 64
protein truncation test, 207,
234
Proteinase K, 26,224
Proteinreinigung, 34
Proteom, 263
Proteomik, 264
Protoplastenfusion, 245
Prozessivität, 90
Puffer
- Denhardt's, 284
- PBS, 284
- SM, 284
- SSC, 284
- TAE, 59,284
- UV-safe, 65
- TBE, 59,284
- TBS, 284
- TE, 284
- TES, 24
- TTE, 284
Pulsfeldgelelektrophorese,
71,152
Pyrophosphat, 44, 87,105, 192
Pyrophosphatase, 87,98
Pyrophosphorylierung, 44
Pyrosequencing, 191,193
pZErO, 141,149
Q
Quallen, 249,251,252
Quencher, 104
R
RACE, 97
random primer, ?Primer random priming, 166
random-primed labeling, 215
real-time quantitative PCR,
?PCR
Sachverzeichnis
REBASE, 58
reiche Medien, 17
Rekombinase-Systeme, 143
Renilla, 249
repetitive Sequenzen, 15, 94, 96
replacement vector, 149
Replikationsstart, 146
Reportergene, 180,247,248
Resequenzierung, 197
Restriktionsendonucleasen, 48
Restriktionsenzyme, 48
- Aktivitätstest, 51
- Typ IIS, 49, 51,125
- Typ 1,49
- Typ II, 49
- Typ III, 49
- Typ IV, 50
Restriktionsfragment-
Längenpolymorphismus, 201
Restriktionskartierung, 184
Restriktionssysteme, 49, 57, 153
Restriktionsverdau, 52,58
- Doppelverdau, 53
- einzelsträngige DNA, 54
- PCR-Fragmenten, 53
- Schwierigkeiten, 54
Retroviren, 239, 256
Reverse Transkriptase, 120
- AMV-RT, 97,111,120
- MMLV-RT, 97,111,120
Reverse Transkription, 97,
111,120
RFLR201
Rhinohide, 69
ribonuclease protection assay,
212,213
ribonuclease protection
assays, 213
ribosomale RNA, ?rRNA
Rinder, 63
Rinderserumalbumin, ?BSA
RISC, 128
Risikogruppen, 10
RNA, 4
- doppelsträngige, 128,129
RNA interference, 127
RNA silencing, 127
RNAi, 127
RNAsen
- Inhibitoren, 117,118
RNasen, 116,120,128,213
RNA-target silencing, 128
rRNA, 7,16
Rubidiumchlorid, 155
S
SAGE, 122
- anchoring enzyme, 123,
124,126
Salzfalle, 67
Schlafkrankheit, 63
Schmelzdomänen, 203
Schrotschuss-
Sequenzierung, 146, 189
SEAP, ?Alkalische Phosphatase Selektionsgen, 146
Selektionsmarker
- negative, 259
- positive, 257
Sequenzierer, 188
Sequenzierung, 4,184
- mit Octameren, 190
- nicht-radioaktiv, 188
- radioaktiv, 185
- Schrotschuss, 146
- Zukunft der, 199
SET, 22
S-Gal, 148
short hairpin RNA, 129
short interfering RNA, 128
shRNA, 129
Sicherheitsstufen, 9,10
Sicherheitsverordnungen, 9
Silberfärbung, 70,188, 202
Silikat, 31
SILMUT, 227
Single nucleotide
polymorphisms, ?SNP
single-strand binding protein,
?SSB
single-strand conformation
polymorphism, ?SSCP
siRNA, 128,130
site-directed mutagenesis,
227,233
SLIC, 143
Slot Blot, 77
slow sites, 52
SNP, 44,191,192,221,264
SOC, ?Bakterienmedien SOLID, 196
solid-phase bridge
amplification, 195
Sonden, 164
Southern Blot, 72, 73
Spacer, 69
SpeedVac, 36,40
Spleißen, 6
Spreitung, 217
SSB, 86,92
SSCP, 187,201
Stammzellen, 127,257
Staraktivität, 53, 55
STET, 20
sticky ends, 50
Stocks
- DMSO, 159
- DNA, 160
- Glycerin, 159
Storage Phosphor, 172
Streptavidin, 109,124,125,
173,191,216
Streptomycin, 148
Sucrose, 64,144
supercoiled DNA, 32,52,247, 290
SuperSAGE, 126
SV40,212
SYBR Green, 62,103, 202
synthetische Biologie, 143
SYT09,104
Szintillator, 171
T
tagging enzyme, 124,125
TA-Klonierung, 141
TALENs, 58
TaqMan, 104
Tartrazin, 65
TB, ?Bakterienmedien Temperaturgradient, 84,204
Template-DNA, 82,85
Templatemenge, 85
temporal temperature
gradient electrophoresis,
?TTGE
terminale Transferase, 98,
167
Terrific Broth,
?Bakterienmedien Tetracyclin, 148, 260
Tet-System, 259
Thiazin-Farbstoffe, 62
Thionin, 62
Thymidin, 4
Tn5,146
Toluidinblau, 62
TOPOTA Cloning, 141
Topoisomerase, 141,149
transcriptional silencing, 128
Transfektion, 240
- Calciumphosphat-
Präzipitation, 241
- DEAE-Dextran, 242
- Elektroporation, 245
- Lipofektion, 243
- Polykationen, 242
- stabil, 247
- transient, 247
Transfektionssysteme,
? Expressionssysteme Transferrin, 243
Transfer-RNA, ?tRNA
Transformation, 153
- Calciumchlorid, 154
- Elektroporation, 154,155,
158
- Rubidiumchlorid, 155
- TSS, 155
transgene Mäuse, 129,254
Transkription
- illegitime, 95
Transkriptionsfaktoren, 127,
223,239
Transkriptom, 126,200
translational silencing, 128
Transphosphorylierung, 44
Transposons, 15,127,146,
190,194
TrayCell, 41
Triton, 22,86
tRNA, 7,16,38
Trypanosomen, 63
TSS, ?Transformation TTGE, 204
Two-Hybrid-System, 178
U
untranslated region, 6
Uracil, 94
Uracil-N-Glycosylase, 94,229
Uridin, 4
UTR, 6
V
Vacuum-Blotter, 74
Verstärkerfolien, 171,177, 186
Vinylhandschuhe, 9
Sachverzeichnis
Viren, 10,16,129,149,239, 256
Vorblitzen, 171
W
Western Blot, 72,173
Whole Genome Assembly, 199
Xanthin-Guanin- Phosphoribosyl- Transferase, 247
X-Gal, 148,179,251
Xylencyanol, 56,
YAC, 152
Yeast Artificial Chromosome,
?YAC
Zentrifugalkraft, 39
Zentrifugation, 38
Zentrifugier-Methode, 67
Zinkchlorid, 23,24
ZKBS, 10
Zufallshexamere, 166
Zufallsprimer, ?random
primer