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    Lineare Algebra

    Grundlagen und Anwendungen

    Lineare Algebra
    Grundlagen und Anwendungen

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Springer-Verlag   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Erschienen: Dezember 2012
    Seiten: 981
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 49.95 €
    Maße: 248x180x61
    Einband: Gebundene Ausgabe
    Reihe: Springer-Lehrbuch
    Zum Buch: Book
    ISBN: 9783642321856

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    1Der Zahlenraum R" und der Begriff des reellen Vektorraums1
    1.1Lineare Gleichungssysteme1
    1.1.1Beispiele und Spezialfälle1
    1.1.2Die Eliminationsverfahren von Gauss und Gauss-Jordan15
    Aufgaben28
    1.2Vektorrechnung im Rn und der Begriff des R-Vektorraums30
    1.2.1Vektoren im Rn, Hyperebenen und Gleichungen30
    1.2.2Tupel-Vektorräume und der allgemeine R-Vektorraum44
    Aufgaben52
    1.3Lineare Unterräume und das Matrix-Vektor-Produkt53
    1.3.1Erzeugendensystem und lineare Hülle53
    1.3.2Das Matrix-Vektor-Produkt60
    Aufgaben72
    1.4Lineare (Un-)Abhängigkeit und Dimension73
    1.4.1Lineare (Un-)Abhängigkeit und Dimension73
    1.4.2 Lineare Gleichungssysteme und ihre Unterräume I:
    Dimensionsformeln86
    Aufgaben95
    1.5Das euklidische Skalarprodukt im Rn und Vektorräume mit Skalarprodukt97
    1.5.1Skalarprodukt, Norm und Winkel97
    1.5.2Orthogonalität und orthogonale Proj ektion104
    Aufgaben123
    1.6Mathematische Modellierung: Diskrete lineare Probleme und ihre Herkunft125
    Aufgaben131
    1.7Affine Räume I133
    Aufgaben143
    2Matrizen und lineare Abbildungen145
    2.1Lineare Abbildungen145
    2.1.1Allgemeine lineare Abbildungen145
    2.1.2Bewegungen und orthogonale Transformationen154
    Aufgaben163
    2.2Lineare Abbildungen und ihre Matrizendarstellung164
    2.2.1Darstellungsmatrizen164
    2.2.2Dimension und Isomorphie172
    Aufgaben179
    2.3Matrizenrechnung181
    2.3.1Matrizenmultiplikation181
    2.3.2Tensorprodukt von Vektoren und Projektionen188
    2.3.3Invertierbare Matrizen198
    2.3.4Das Gauss-Verfahren vom Matrizenstandpunkt205
    2.3.5Transponierte, orthogonale und symmetrische Matrix210
    Aufgaben229
    2.4Lösbare und nichtlösbare lineare Gleichungssysteme230
    2.4.1Lineare Gleichungssysteme und ihre Unterräume II230
    2.4.2Ausgleichsrechnung und Pseudoinverse233
    2.4.3G AUSS-Verfahren und LR-Zerlegung I246
    Aufgaben255
    2.5Permutationsmatrizen und die LR-Zerlegung einer Matrix257
    2.5.1Permutationen und Permutationsmatrizen257
    2.5.2GAUSS-Verfahren und LR-Zerlegung II264
    Aufgaben273
    2.6Die Determinante274
    2.6.1Motivation und Existenz274
    2.6.2Eigenschaften280
    2.6.3Orientierung und Determinante294
    Aufgaben299
    2.7Das Vektorprodukt300
    Aufgaben308
    2.8Affine Räume II309
    Aufgaben317
    3Vom IR-Vektorraum zum Ä-Vektorraum: Algebraische Strukturen319
    3.1Gruppen und Körper319
    Aufgaben332
    3.2Vektorräume über allgemeinen Körpern334
    Aufgaben342
    3.3Euklidische und unitäre Vektorräume344
    Aufgaben356
    3.4Der Quotientenvektorraum357
    Aufgaben368
    3.5Der Dualraum370
    Aufgaben381
    4Eigenwerte und Normalformen von Matrizen383
    4.1Basiswechsel und Koordinatentransformationen383
    Aufgaben394
    4.2Eigenwerttheorie396
    4.2.1Definitionen und Anwendungen396
    4.2.2Diagonalisierbarkeit und Trigonalisierbarkeit417
    Aufgaben435
    4.3Unitäre Diagonalisierbarkeit: Die Hauptachsentransformation437
    Aufgaben450
    4.4Blockdiagonalisierung aus der SCHUR-Normalform452
    4.4.1Der Satz von Cayley-Hamilton452
    4.4.2Blockdiagonalisierung mit dem Satz von Cayley-Hamilton461
    4.4.3 Algorithmische Blockdiagonalisierung - Die Sylvester-
    Gleichung469
    Aufgaben476
    4.5Die JoRDANsche Normalform477
    4.5.1Kettenbasen und die JoRDANsche Normalform im Komplexen477
    4.5.2Die reelle JoRDANsche Normalform493
    4.5.3Beispiele und Berechnung501
    Aufgaben511
    4.6Die Singulärwertzerlegung513
    4.6.1Herleitung513
    4.6.2Singulärwertzerlegung und Pseudoinverse523
    Aufgaben528
    4.7Positiv definite Matrizen und quadratische Optimierung530
    4.7.1Positiv definite Matrizen530
    4.7.2Quadratische Optimierung540
    4.7.3Extremalcharakterisierung von Eigenwerten550
    Aufgaben554
    4.8Ausblick: Das Ausgleichsproblem und die QR-Zerlegung556
    5Bilinearformen und Quadriken561
    5.1tr-Bilinearformen561
    5.1.1Der Vektorraum der a-Bilinearformen561
    5.1.2Orthogonales Komplement570
    Aufgaben580
    5.2Symmetrische Bilinearformen und hermitesche Formen582
    Aufgaben590
    5.3Quadriken591
    5.3.1Die affine Normalform594
    5.3.2Die euklidische Normalform603
    Aufgaben606
    5.4Alternierende Bilinearformen608
    Aufgaben614
    6Polyeder und lineare Optimierung617
    6.1Elementare konvexe Geometrie623
    Aufgaben627
    6.2Polyeder628
    Aufgaben645
    6.3Beschränkte Polyeder646
    Aufgaben653
    6.4Das Optimierungsproblem655
    Aufgaben661
    6.5Ecken und Basislösungen663
    Aufgaben670
    6.6Das Simplex-Verfahren671
    Aufgaben678
    6.7Optimalitätsbedingungen und Dualität680
    Aufgaben691
    7Lineare Algebra und Analysis693
    7.1Normierte Vektorräume693
    7.1.1Analysis auf normierten Vektorräumen693
    7.1.2Normen und Dimension700
    Aufgaben712
    7.2Normierte Algebren713
    7.2.1Erzeugte und verträgliche Normen713
    7.2.2Matrixpotenzen723
    Aufgaben744
    7.3HiLBERT-Räume746
    7.3.1Der RiESZsche Darstellungssatz und der adjungierte Operator746
    7.3.2SCHAUDER-Basen762
    Aufgaben769
    7.4Ausblick: Lineare Modelle, nichtlineare Modelle, Linearisierung770
    Aufgaben773
    8Einige Anwendungen der Linearen Algebra775
    8.1 Lineare Gleichungssysteme, Ausgleichsprobleme und Eigenwerte unter
    Datenstörungen775
    8.1.1Lineare Gleichungssysteme775
    8.1.2Ausgleichsprobleme784
    8.1.3Eigenwerte788
    Aufgaben792
    8.2 Klassische Iterationsverfahren für lineare Gleichungssysteme und
    Eigenwerte794
    8.2.1Das Page-Rank-Verfahren von Google794
    8.2.2 Linear-stationäre Iterationsverfahren für lineare Gleichungssysteme799
    8.2.3Gradientenverfahren808
    8.2.4Die Potenzmethode zur Eigenwertberechnung813
    Aufgaben816
    8.3Datenanalyse,-synthese und-kompression819
    8.3.1Wavelets821
    8.3.2Diskrete fourier-Transformation828
    Aufgaben835
    8.4Lineare Algebra und Graphentheorie837
    Aufgaben843
    8.5(Invers-)Monotone Matrizen und Input-Output-Analyse844
    Aufgaben858
    8.6Kontinuierliche und dynamische Systeme859
    8.6.1Die Lösungsraumstruktur bei linearen Problemen859
    8.6.2Stabilität: Asymptotisches Verhalten für große Zeiten875
    8.6.3 Approximation kontinuierlicher durch diskrete dynamische
    Systeme891
    8.6.4 Ausblick: Vom räumlich diskreten zum räumlich verteilten
    kontinuierlichen Modell901
    8.6.5Stochastische Matrizen906
    Aufgaben913
    A Logisches Schließen und Mengenlehre915
    A.l Aussagenlogik915
    A.2 Mengenlehre920
    A.3 Prädikatenlogik924
    A.4 Produkte von Mengen, Relationen und Abbildungen926
    A.5 Äquivalenz- und Ordnungsrelationen933
    B Zahlenmengen und algebraische Strukturen939
    B. 1 Von den Peano-Axiomen zu den reellen Zahlen939
    B.2 Schreibweisen und Rechenregeln946
    B.3 (Formale) Polynome949
    C Analysis in normierten Räumen961
    Literaturverzeichnis967
    Sachverzeichnis969