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| Inhalt | ||||||
| VORWORT | 11 | |||||
| EINLEITUNG: AUF DEN SPUREN JESU-ZURÜCK ZU DEN ANFÄNGEN! | 15 | |||||
| 1. | »NEUES IM OSTEN«-VON EREMITEN, ANACHORETEN UND KOINOBITEN | 20 | ||||
| Zur Entstehung des christlichen Mönchtums | 20 | |||||
| Das engelsgleiche Leben | 21 | |||||
| Erste Wohngemeinschaften | 22 | |||||
| Das Mönchtum im Osten | 23 | |||||
| Antonios von Ägypten | 24 | |||||
| Aus dem Leben des Wüstenvaters | 24 | |||||
| Dem Vorbild des Antonios folgen | 26 | |||||
| Die Vita Antonii | 27 | |||||
| Pachomios von Ägypten | 29 | |||||
| Eine Regel für das Gemeinschaftsleben der Mönche | 29 | |||||
| Hohe Anforderungen an die Disziplin | 30 | |||||
| Basilios von Kaisareia (330-379) | 32 | |||||
| Vom Studium der Philosophie zum Mönchsleben | 32 | |||||
| Einsatz für die Armen | 33 | |||||
| Der Theologe | 34 | |||||
| Exkurs: Die Entwicklung der monastischen Lebensform im Überblick | 35 | |||||
| Das Mönchtum im Osten | 35 | |||||
| Verbreitung im Westen | 39 | |||||
| Mönchsregeln | 42 | |||||
| 2. | ORDENSVÄTER IM WESTEN | 43 | ||||
| Martin von Tours (316-397) | 43 | |||||
| Rufinus von Aquileia (345-410) | 45 | |||||
| Hieronymus (347-419) | 46 | |||||
| Von Rom nach Palästina | 46 | |||||
| Die Vulgata | 47 | |||||
| Aurelius Augustinus (354-430) | 48 | |||||
| Vom Manichäer zu deren Bekämpfer | 48 | |||||
| Auf die Gottesliebe kommt es an! | 49 | |||||
| »Weil ich zweifle, bin ich.« | 51 | |||||
| Die »massa perditionis« | 52 | |||||
| Die Augustinus-Regel | 53 | |||||
| Johannes Cassianus (360-435) | 54 | |||||
| 3. | DAS MÖNCHTUM IM MITTELALTER | 56 | ||||
| Entwicklungen im Westen | 56 | |||||
| Ein Mönch auf dem Stuhl Petri | 57 | |||||
| Neue Regeln für die Mönche | 58 | |||||
| Das keltische Mönchtum | 59 | |||||
| Klöster für Druiden | 60 | |||||
| Columban als Klöstergründer | 61 | |||||
| Leben der Klöster | 61 | |||||
| Know-how durch Austausch | 62 | |||||
| Klöster als Bildungszentren | 64 | |||||
| Klosterschulen | 64 | |||||
| Auf dem Weg zu den Artes Liberales | 65 | |||||
| Mönche als Lehrer | 66 | |||||
| Das Karolingische Mönchtum | 67 | |||||
| Der Reformer Benedikt von Aniane | 67 | |||||
| Probleme mit der Zucht? | 69 | |||||
| Die Karolingische Minuskel | 69 | |||||
| Reformen des Mönchtums | 70 | |||||
| Cluny und die Folgen | 70 | |||||
| Neue Impulse durch das Mönchtum | 72 | |||||
| Die Gregorianische Reform | 73 | |||||
| Die Ritterorden | 75 | |||||
| Zum Schutz der Pilger | 76 | |||||
| Der Johanniterorden | 77 | |||||
| Der Templerorden | 78 | |||||
| Der Deutsche Orden | 80 | |||||
| 4. | DIE ORDENSGRÜNDER IM MITTELALTER | 81 | ||||
| Benedikt von Nursia (480-547) | 81 | |||||
| Zur Person | 81 | |||||
| Nach Monte Cassino | 83 | |||||
| Die Regula Benedicti | 84 | |||||
| Weise Mäßigung - ein Schlüsselwort der Regel | 86 | |||||
| Ora et labora | 87 | |||||
| Folgen der Ehelosigkeit | 89 | |||||
| Kulturelle Formung durch Benedikt | 90 | |||||
| Bruno von Köln (1036-1101) | 91 | |||||
| Aus dem bewegten Leben eines Adeligen | 91 | |||||
| Von La Chartreuse nach Rom | 92 | |||||
| Leitlinien der Kartäuser | 93 | |||||
| Bernhard von Clairvaux (1090-1153) | 94 | |||||
| Vom adeligen Ritter zum Reformer des Mönchtums | 94 | |||||
| Auseinandersetzung mit Cluny | 95 | |||||
| Bernhard im Mittelpunkt des Geschehens | 97 | |||||
| Heiliger Krieg gegen die Moslems | 98 | |||||
| Politische Führungsrolle | 99 | |||||
| Für die Vernunft] | 100 | |||||
| Norbert von Xanten (1085-1134) | 102 | |||||
| Eine Vision stellt die Weichen | 102 | |||||
| Die Prämonstratenser | 103 | |||||
| Norbert - der Politiker | 104 | |||||
| Dominikus von Guzman (1170-1221) | 105 | |||||
| Gegen Katharer und Waldenser | 105 | |||||
| Option für die Ungebildeten und Armen | 107 | |||||
| Die Dominikaner | 108 | |||||
| Große Lehrer des Ordens | 110 | |||||
| Franz von Assisi (1182-1226) | 113 | |||||
| Vom Sohn des Tuchhändlers zum Vater der Armen | 113 | |||||
| Im Kontakt mit der Kirchenleitung | 115 | |||||
| Der Sonnengesang | 117 | |||||
| Der Orden der Franziskaner | 119 | |||||
| Klara von Assisi (1193-1253) | 121 | |||||
| 5. | ORDEN UND KLÖSTER IN DER NEUZEIT | 122 | ||||
| Humanismus und Renaissance | 123 | |||||
| Das Mönchtum zur Zeit der Reformation | 124 | |||||
| Martin Luther | 125 | |||||
| Die Bibel in deutscher Sprache | 126 | |||||
| Verfall der Klöster | 128 | |||||
| Die Reform der katholischen Klöster | 128 | |||||
| Neue Impulse | 129 | |||||
| Kultur der Klöster in der Barockzeit | 131 | |||||
| Eine Phase des Kirchen- und Klosterbaus | 132 | |||||
| Barockes Lebensgefühl | 133 | |||||
| »Stolz auf die Klöster« | 134 | |||||
| Das Ende des Bildungsmonopols | 135 | |||||
| Aufklärung und Säkularisation | 135 | |||||
| Für eine vernünftige Religion | 136 | |||||
| Sturm auf die Klöster | 138 | |||||
| Neue Tätigkeitsfelder für die Orden | 139 | |||||
| 6. | ORDENSGRÜNDER IN DER NEUZEIT | 140 | ||||
| Angela Merici (1474-1540) | 140 | |||||
| Ignatius von Loyola (1491-1556) | 141 | |||||
| Auf dem Weg zu einer militärischen Karriere | 141 | |||||
| Neuorientierung | 142 | |||||
| Societas Jesu | 145 | |||||
| Weltweite Ausbreitung des Ordens | 146 | |||||
| In allen wichtigen Funktionen | 148 | |||||
| Johannes von Gott (1495-1550) | 150 | |||||
| Kamillus von Lellis (1550-1614) | 151 | |||||
| Philipp Neri (1515-1595) | 152 | |||||
| Das Oratorium | 153 | |||||
| Pierre de Berulle (1575-1629) | 154 | |||||
| Franz von Sales (1567-1622) | 155 | |||||
| »Philothea« | 156 | |||||
| Mary Ward (1585-1645) | 157 | |||||
| Vinzenz von Paul (1581-1660) | 158 | |||||
| Die Lazaristen | 158 | |||||
| Die Barmherzigen Schwestern | 159 | |||||
| »Der Vater der Armen« | 160 | |||||
| Alfons von Liguori (1696-1787) | 161 | |||||
| Für die Glaubensverkündigung | 161 | |||||
| Die Redemptoristen bis heute | 162 | |||||
| 7. | ORDENSGRÜNDER IM19.UND 20.JAHRHUNDERT | 163 | ||||
| Guillaume Chaminade (1761-1850) | 165 | |||||
| Vincenzo Pallotti (1795-1850) | 166 | |||||
| Katholisches Apostolat | 167 | |||||
| Josef Kentenich und die Schönstatt-Bewegung | 167 | |||||
| Johannes Don Bosco (1815-1888) | 168 | |||||
| Die Salesianer Don Boscos | 168 | |||||
| Daniele Comboni (1831-1881) | 169 | |||||
| Charles Lavigerie (1825-1892) | 170 | |||||
| Arnold Janssen (1837-1909) | 171 | |||||
| Franz Pfanner (1825-1909) | 173 | |||||
| 8. | ORDENSGRÜNDERINNEN IM 19. UND 20. JAHRHUNDERT | 174 | ||||
| Madeleine Sophie Barat (1779-1865) | 174 | |||||
| »Ein Herz und eine Seele im Herzen Christi« | 175 | |||||
| Die Sacre-Coeur-Schwestern bis heute | 176 | |||||
| Karoline Gerhardinger (1797-1879) | 177 | |||||
| Antonia Lampel (1807-1850) | 179 | |||||
| Clara Fey (1815-1894) | 180 | |||||
| Die Schwestern vom Armen Kinde Jesu | 180 | |||||
| Wiedererstarken nach dem Kulturkampf | 181 | |||||
| Katharina Scherer (1825-1888) | 182 | |||||
| Frauenorden - heute und morgen | 183 | |||||
| Exkurs: Große Ordensfrauen - ein Überblick | 184 | |||||
| 9. | MOVIMENTI UND SÄKULARINSTITUTE | 195 | ||||
| Die Säkularinstitute | 196 | |||||
| Stichwort Laienapostolat | 198 | |||||
| Das Opus Dei | 199 | |||||
| Heiligung des Lebens und Verkündigung des Glaubens | 200 | |||||
| Die Movimenti | 202 | |||||
| Action 365 | 203 | |||||
| Bewegung für eine bessere Welt | 203 | |||||
| Charismatische Erneuerung | 204 | |||||
| Communione e Liberazione | 205 | |||||
| Couples for Christ | 206 | |||||
| Cursillo | 207 | |||||
| Equipes Notre Dame | 208 | |||||
| Fiat | 209 | |||||
| Foi et Lumiere | 209 | |||||
| Fokolare-Bewegung | 210 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft christlichen Lebens | 211 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft Emmanuel | 212 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft des Franz von Sales | 213 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft Immaculata | 214 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft der Nachfolge Jesu | 216 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft Sant'Egidio | 216 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft Schalom | 217 | |||||
| Gemeinschaft der Seligpreisungen | 218 | |||||
| Integrierte Gemeinde | 219 | |||||
| Jüngergemeinschaft | 220 | |||||
| Kerygma-Teams | 221 | |||||
| Kleine Brüder Jesu/Kleine Schwestern Jesu | 221 | |||||
| Kreis junger Missionare | 222 | |||||
| Legion Mariens | 223 | |||||
| Loretto-Gemeinschaft | 224 | |||||
| Marriage Encounter | 225 | |||||
| Missionarische Heilig-Geist-Gemeinschaft | 226 | |||||
| Oase des Friedens | 226 | |||||
| Regnum Christi | 227 | |||||
| Salesianische Familie | 228 | |||||
| Schönstatt-Bewegung | 228 | |||||
| Um Gottes Willen | 229 | |||||
| Umkehr zum Herrn | 230 | |||||
| Zur Bedeutung der aktuellen Bewegungen | 231 | |||||
| 10. | AUSBLICK: ZUR SITUATION DER ORDEN HEUTE | 231 | ||||
| Nachwuchssorgen und kultureller Wandel | 232 | |||||
| Die Basics der klassischen Orden | 234 | |||||
| Bedingungen für Ordensberufungen | 235 | |||||
| »Unter der Asche ein heimliches Feuer« | 237 | |||||
| Neue Wege des geistlichen Zusammenlebens | 238 | |||||
| ANHANG | 241 | |||||
| Männerorden in deutschsprachigen Ländern | 241 | |||||
| Brüderorden | 243 | |||||
| Frauenorden | 243 | |||||
| Säkularinstitute | 247 | |||||
| Geistliche Gemeinschaften | 247 | |||||
| ANMERKUNGEN | 249 | |||||
| WEITERFÜHRENDE LITERATUR | 256 | |||||