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Vieweg+Teubner Verlag Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
| 1 | Einführung | 1 |
| 1.1 | Die Anfänge katalytischer Forschung | 1 |
| 1.2 | Die Katalysedefinitionen von Berzelius und Ostwald | 4 |
| 2 | Grundlagen der Komplexkatalyse | 8 |
| 2.1 | Homogene versus heterogene Katalyse | 8 |
| 2.2 | Katalysezyklen | 10 |
| 2.3 | Aktivität und Produktivität von Katalysatoren | 11 |
| 2.4 | Selektivität und Spezifität von Katalysatoren | 12 |
| 2.5 | Ermittlung von Katalysemechanismen | 14 |
| 2.6 | Glossar der Katalyse | 12 |
| 2.7 | Die Entwicklung der metallorganischen Komplexkatalyse | 20 |
| 3 | Elementarschritte in der metallorganischen Komplexkatalyse | 25 |
| 3.1 | Abspaltung und Koordination von Liganden | 25 |
| 3.2 | Oxidative Additionen und reduktive Eliminierungen | 28 |
| 3.3 | Oxidative Kupplungen und reduktive Spaltungen | 32 |
| 3.4 | Insertion von Olefmen und ß-Wasserstoffeliminierungen | 34 |
| 3.5 | a-Wasserstoffeliminierungen und Carbeninsertionsreaktionen | 37 |
| 3.6 | Addition von Nucleophilen und heterolytische Fragmentierungen | 39 |
| 3.7 | Insertion und Extrusion von CO | 42 |
| 3.8 | Einelektronenreduktion und -oxidation | 43 |
| 4 | Hydrierungen von Olefinen | 45 |
| 4.1 | Einführung | 45 |
| 4.2 | Der Wilkinson-Katalysator | 46 |
| 4.2.1 | Grundlagen | 46 |
| 4.2.2 | Mechanismus der Olefmhydrierung | 47 |
| 4.3 | Enantioselektive Hydrierungen | 50 |
| 4.3.1 | Grundlagen | 50 |
| 4.3.2 | Anwendungen und Beispiele | 54 |
| 4.3.3 | Vertiefung - kinetisch kontrollierte Enantioselektivität | 58 |
| 4.4 | Diwasserstoffkomplexe und H2-Aktivierung | 64 |
| 4.4.1 | Diwasserstoffkomplexe | 64 |
| 4.4.2 | Aktivierung von Diwasserstoff | 67 |
| 4.5 | Transferhydrierungen | 69 |
| 5 | Hydroformylierung von Olefinen und Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese | 72 |
| 5.1 | Cobaltkataly satoren | 72 |
| 5.2 | Phosphanmodifizierte Rhodiumkatalysatoren | 75 |
| 5.3 | Enantioselektive Hydroformylierungen | 79 |
| 5.4 | Bedeutung der Hydroformylierung und Ausblick | 83 |
| 5.5 | Die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese | 90 |
| 6 | Carbonylierung von Methanol und Kohlenmonoxid-Konvertierung | 95 |
| 6.1 | Grundlagen | 95 |
| 6.2 | Das Monsanto-Verfahren | 97 |
| 6.3 | Synthese von Acetanhydrid | 101 |
| 6.4 | Der Cativa-Prozess | 102 |
| 6.5 | Kohlenmonoxid-Konvertierung | 106 |
| 7 Metathese HO | ||
| 7.1 | Metathese von Olefinen | 110 |
| 7.1.1 | Einführung | 110 |
| 7.1.2 | Mechanismus | 111 |
| 7.1.3 | Mechanismus - Vertiefung | 116 |
| 7.1.4 | Metathese von Cycloalkenen | 118 |
| 7.1.5 | Metathese von acyclischen Dienen | 121 |
| 7.1.6 | Enantioselektive Metathese | 122 |
| 7.2 | Metathese von Alkinen | 123 |
| 7.3 | o-Bindungsmetathese | 128 |
| 7.4 | Metathese von Alkanen | 130 |
| 8 | Oligomerisation von Olefinen | 138 |
| 8.1 | Die Ziegler'sche Aufbaureaktion | 138 |
| 8.2 | Nickeleffekt und nickelkatalysierte Dimerisation von Ethen | 140 |
| 8.3 | Trimerisation von Ethen | 145 |
| 8.4 | Der Shell Higher Olefin Process (SHOP) | 148 |
| 9 | Polymerisation von Olefinen | 152 |
| 9.1 | Einführung | 152 |
| 9.2 | Ethenpolymerisation | 153 |
| 9.2.1 | Ziegler-Katalysatoren | 153 |
| 9.2.2 | Mechanismus - Vertiefung | 156 |
| 9.2.3 | Phillips-Katalysatoren | 158 |
| 9.2.4 | Polymertypen und Verfahrensspezifikationen | 160 |
| 9.3 | Propenpolymerisation | 162 |
| 9.3.1 | Regio- und Stereoselektivität | 162 |
| 9.3.2 | Ziegler-Natta-Katalysatoren | 166 |
| 9.4 | Metallocenkataly satoren | 169 |
| 9.4.1 | Cokatalysatoren und Anioneneinfluss | 169 |
| 9.4.2 | C2- und (^-symmetrische Metallocenkatalysatoren | 172 |
| 9.4.3 | Metallocenkatalysatoren mit diastereotopen Koordinationstaschen | 177 |
| 9.5 | Nicht-Metallocen-Katalysatoren | 183 |
| 9.6 | Copolymerisation von Olefmen und CO | 191 |
| 10 | C-C-Verknüpfung von Dienen | 196 |
| 10.1 | Einführung | I96 |
| 10.2 | Allyl- und Butadienkomplexe | 197 |
| 10.2.1 | Allylkomplexe | 197 |
| 10.2.2 | Butadienkomplexe | 200 |
| 10.3 | Metallorganische Elementarschritte von Allylliganden | 203 |
| 10.4 | Oligo- und Telomerisation von Butadien | 207 |
| 10.4.1 | Cyclotrimerisation von Butadien | 208 |
| 10.4.2 | Cyclodimerisation von Butadien | 214 |
| 10.4.3 | Linearoligo- und Telomerisation von Butadien | 219 |
| 10.5 | Polymerisation von Butadien | 223 |
| 10.5.1 | Mechanismus | 223 |
| 10.5.2 | Allylnickel(II)-komplexkatalysierte Butadienpolymerisation | 226 |
| 10.5.3 | Synthese und Eigenschaften von Polybutadienen | 230 |
| 11 | C-C-Kupplungsreaktioneii | 234 |
| 11.1 | Palladiumkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen | 234 |
| 11.1.1 | Einführung | 234 |
| 11.1.2 | Mechanismus von Kreuzkupplungen | 235 |
| 11.1.3 | Ausgewählte Kreuzkupplungen | 238 |
| 11.2 | Die Heck-Reaktion | 247 |
| 11.3 | Palladiumkatalysierte allylische Alkylierungen | 253 |
| 12 | Hydrocyanierungeii, -silylierungen und -aminierungen von Olefinen | 258 |
| 12.1 | Einführung | 258 |
| 12.2 | Hydrocyanierungen | 259 |
| 12.2.1 | Grundlagen | 259 |
| 12.2.2 | Der DuPont-Adiponitril-Prozess | 261 |
| 12.2.3 | Ausblick | 263 |
| 12.3 | Hydrosilylierungen | 266 |
| 12.3.1 | Grundlagen | 266 |
| 12.3.2 | Ausblick | 271 |
| 12.4 | Hydroaminierungen | 275 |
| 12.4.1 | Grundlagen | 275 |
| 12.4.2 | Katalysatortypen | 277 |
| 13 | Oxidation von Olefinen und Alkanen | 283 |
| 13.1 | Der Wacker-Prozess | 283 |
| 13.1.1 | Einführung | 283 |
| 13.1.2 | Mechanismus der Ethenoxidation | 284 |
| 13.1.3 | Oxypalladierungen von Olefinen | 290 |
| 13.2 | Epoxidierungen von Olefinen | 293 |
| 13.2.1 | Einführung | 293 |
| 13.2.2 | Epoxidierung von Ethen und Propen | 295 |
| 13.2.3 | Enantioselektive Oxidationen von Olefinen | 300 |
| 13.2.4 | Monooxygenasen | 302 |
| 13.3 | C-H-Funktionalisierungen von Alkanen | 305 |
| 13.3.1 | Einführung | 305 |
| 13.3.2 | C-H-Aktivierungen von Alkanen | 306 |
| 13.3.3 | C-H-Funktionalisierungen | 310 |
| 14 | Stickstofffixierung | 314 |
| 14.1 | Grundlagen 3 \ | 4 |
| 14.2 | Die heterogen katalysierte Stickstofffixierung | 318 |
| 14.3 | Die enzymkatalysierte Stickstofffixierung | 326 |
| 14.4 | Die homogen katalysierte Stickstofffixierung | 333 |
| 14.4.1 | Stöchiometrische Reduktion von N2-Komplexen | 333 |
| 14.4.2 | Zur katalytischen Reduktion von Distickstoff | 337 |
| 14.4.3 | Zur Funktionalisierung von Distickstoff | 343 |
| 15 | Lösungen zu den Aufgaben | 348 |
| Literatur | 388 | |
| Sachverzeichnis | 420 | |
| Verzeichnis der Exkurse | ||
| Klassifizierung von Liganden | 27 | |
| Agostische C-FF • -M-Wechselwirkungen | 29 | |
| Zur Oxidationsstufe von Metallen in Olefin- und Alkinkomplexen | 30 | |
| Heterolytische Fragmentierungen (Grob'sche Fragmentierungen) | 40 | |
| Prostereogenität, prostereogene Seiten | 51 | |
| Kombinatorische Katalyse und Hochdurchsatz-Screening | 56 | |
| Das Curtin-Hammett-Prinzip | 60 | |
| Der „Biss" von FVP-Chelatliganden | 85 | |
| Ionische Flüssigkeiten | 87 | |
| Stabile Carbene als Liganden | 115 | |
| Metallorganische Pinzettenkomplexe (,,Pincer"-Komplexe) | 136 | |
| Hemilabile Liganden | 148 | |
| Konfiguration von Polypropen | 163 | |
| Analyse der Mikrostruktur von Polypropen | 163 | |
| Topische Beziehungen von Molekülfragmenten | 124 | |
| Fluktuierende Moleküle | 199 | |
| Sterische und elektronische Effekte von Phosphorliganden | 217 | |
| Telomerisation | 220 | |
| Zur Oxidationsstufe von Metallen in Komplexen | 304 | |
| Sabatiers Prinzip und Bronsted-Evans-Polanyi-Beziehung | 326 | |