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    Grundlagen der metallorganischen Komplexkatalyse

    Studium

    Grundlagen der metallorganischen Komplexkatalyse
    Studium

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Vieweg+Teubner Verlag  Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Auflage: 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage.
    Erschienen: Dezember 2009
    Seiten: 434
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 42.99 €
    Illustration: 95 Schwarz-Weiß- Abbildungen, 17 Schwarz-Weiß- Tabellen
    Maße: 240x170x24
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    Reihe: Studienbücher Chemie
    Zum Buch: Book
    ISBN: 9783834805812

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    1Einführung1
    1.1Die Anfänge katalytischer Forschung1
    1.2Die Katalysedefinitionen von Berzelius und Ostwald4
    2Grundlagen der Komplexkatalyse8
    2.1Homogene versus heterogene Katalyse8
    2.2Katalysezyklen10
    2.3Aktivität und Produktivität von Katalysatoren11
    2.4Selektivität und Spezifität von Katalysatoren12
    2.5Ermittlung von Katalysemechanismen14
    2.6Glossar der Katalyse12
    2.7Die Entwicklung der metallorganischen Komplexkatalyse20
    3Elementarschritte in der metallorganischen Komplexkatalyse25
    3.1Abspaltung und Koordination von Liganden25
    3.2Oxidative Additionen und reduktive Eliminierungen28
    3.3Oxidative Kupplungen und reduktive Spaltungen32
    3.4Insertion von Olefmen und ß-Wasserstoffeliminierungen34
    3.5a-Wasserstoffeliminierungen und Carbeninsertionsreaktionen37
    3.6Addition von Nucleophilen und heterolytische Fragmentierungen39
    3.7Insertion und Extrusion von CO42
    3.8Einelektronenreduktion und -oxidation43
    4Hydrierungen von Olefinen45
    4.1Einführung45
    4.2Der Wilkinson-Katalysator46
    4.2.1Grundlagen46
    4.2.2Mechanismus der Olefmhydrierung47
    4.3Enantioselektive Hydrierungen50
    4.3.1Grundlagen50
    4.3.2Anwendungen und Beispiele54
    4.3.3Vertiefung - kinetisch kontrollierte Enantioselektivität58
    4.4Diwasserstoffkomplexe und H2-Aktivierung64
    4.4.1Diwasserstoffkomplexe64
    4.4.2Aktivierung von Diwasserstoff67
    4.5Transferhydrierungen69
    5Hydroformylierung von Olefinen und Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese72
    5.1Cobaltkataly satoren72
    5.2Phosphanmodifizierte Rhodiumkatalysatoren75
    5.3Enantioselektive Hydroformylierungen79
    5.4Bedeutung der Hydroformylierung und Ausblick83
    5.5Die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese90
    6Carbonylierung von Methanol und Kohlenmonoxid-Konvertierung95
    6.1Grundlagen95
    6.2Das Monsanto-Verfahren97
    6.3Synthese von Acetanhydrid101
    6.4Der Cativa-Prozess102
    6.5Kohlenmonoxid-Konvertierung106
    7 Metathese HO
    7.1Metathese von Olefinen110
    7.1.1Einführung110
    7.1.2Mechanismus111
    7.1.3Mechanismus - Vertiefung116
    7.1.4Metathese von Cycloalkenen118
    7.1.5Metathese von acyclischen Dienen121
    7.1.6Enantioselektive Metathese122
    7.2Metathese von Alkinen123
    7.3o-Bindungsmetathese128
    7.4Metathese von Alkanen130
    8Oligomerisation von Olefinen138
    8.1Die Ziegler'sche Aufbaureaktion138
    8.2Nickeleffekt und nickelkatalysierte Dimerisation von Ethen140
    8.3Trimerisation von Ethen145
    8.4Der Shell Higher Olefin Process (SHOP)148
    9Polymerisation von Olefinen152
    9.1Einführung152
    9.2Ethenpolymerisation153
    9.2.1Ziegler-Katalysatoren153
    9.2.2Mechanismus - Vertiefung156
    9.2.3Phillips-Katalysatoren158
    9.2.4Polymertypen und Verfahrensspezifikationen160
    9.3Propenpolymerisation162
    9.3.1Regio- und Stereoselektivität162
    9.3.2Ziegler-Natta-Katalysatoren166
    9.4Metallocenkataly satoren169
    9.4.1Cokatalysatoren und Anioneneinfluss169
    9.4.2C2- und (^-symmetrische Metallocenkatalysatoren172
    9.4.3Metallocenkatalysatoren mit diastereotopen Koordinationstaschen177
    9.5Nicht-Metallocen-Katalysatoren183
    9.6Copolymerisation von Olefmen und CO191
    10C-C-Verknüpfung von Dienen196
    10.1EinführungI96
    10.2Allyl- und Butadienkomplexe197
    10.2.1Allylkomplexe197
    10.2.2Butadienkomplexe200
    10.3Metallorganische Elementarschritte von Allylliganden203
    10.4Oligo- und Telomerisation von Butadien207
    10.4.1Cyclotrimerisation von Butadien208
    10.4.2Cyclodimerisation von Butadien214
    10.4.3Linearoligo- und Telomerisation von Butadien219
    10.5Polymerisation von Butadien223
    10.5.1Mechanismus223
    10.5.2Allylnickel(II)-komplexkatalysierte Butadienpolymerisation226
    10.5.3Synthese und Eigenschaften von Polybutadienen230
    11C-C-Kupplungsreaktioneii234
    11.1Palladiumkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen234
    11.1.1Einführung234
    11.1.2Mechanismus von Kreuzkupplungen235
    11.1.3Ausgewählte Kreuzkupplungen238
    11.2Die Heck-Reaktion247
    11.3Palladiumkatalysierte allylische Alkylierungen253
    12Hydrocyanierungeii, -silylierungen und -aminierungen von Olefinen258
    12.1Einführung258
    12.2Hydrocyanierungen259
    12.2.1Grundlagen259
    12.2.2Der DuPont-Adiponitril-Prozess261
    12.2.3Ausblick263
    12.3Hydrosilylierungen266
    12.3.1Grundlagen266
    12.3.2Ausblick271
    12.4Hydroaminierungen275
    12.4.1Grundlagen275
    12.4.2Katalysatortypen277
    13Oxidation von Olefinen und Alkanen283
    13.1Der Wacker-Prozess283
    13.1.1Einführung283
    13.1.2Mechanismus der Ethenoxidation284
    13.1.3Oxypalladierungen von Olefinen290
    13.2Epoxidierungen von Olefinen293
    13.2.1Einführung293
    13.2.2Epoxidierung von Ethen und Propen295
    13.2.3Enantioselektive Oxidationen von Olefinen300
    13.2.4Monooxygenasen302
    13.3C-H-Funktionalisierungen von Alkanen305
    13.3.1Einführung305
    13.3.2C-H-Aktivierungen von Alkanen306
    13.3.3C-H-Funktionalisierungen310
    14Stickstofffixierung314
    14.1Grundlagen 3 \4
    14.2Die heterogen katalysierte Stickstofffixierung318
    14.3Die enzymkatalysierte Stickstofffixierung326
    14.4Die homogen katalysierte Stickstofffixierung333
    14.4.1Stöchiometrische Reduktion von N2-Komplexen333
    14.4.2Zur katalytischen Reduktion von Distickstoff337
    14.4.3Zur Funktionalisierung von Distickstoff343
    15Lösungen zu den Aufgaben348
    Literatur388
    Sachverzeichnis420
    Verzeichnis der Exkurse
    Klassifizierung von Liganden27
    Agostische C-FF • -M-Wechselwirkungen29
    Zur Oxidationsstufe von Metallen in Olefin- und Alkinkomplexen30
    Heterolytische Fragmentierungen (Grob'sche Fragmentierungen)40
    Prostereogenität, prostereogene Seiten51
    Kombinatorische Katalyse und Hochdurchsatz-Screening56
    Das Curtin-Hammett-Prinzip60
    Der „Biss" von FVP-Chelatliganden85
    Ionische Flüssigkeiten87
    Stabile Carbene als Liganden115
    Metallorganische Pinzettenkomplexe (,,Pincer"-Komplexe)136
    Hemilabile Liganden148
    Konfiguration von Polypropen163
    Analyse der Mikrostruktur von Polypropen163
    Topische Beziehungen von Molekülfragmenten124
    Fluktuierende Moleküle199
    Sterische und elektronische Effekte von Phosphorliganden217
    Telomerisation220
    Zur Oxidationsstufe von Metallen in Komplexen304
    Sabatiers Prinzip und Bronsted-Evans-Polanyi-Beziehung326