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| Inhaltsverzeichnis | ||
| Vorwort | IX | |
| 1 | Allgemeine Probleme der Sachunterrichtsdidaktik | 1 |
| 1.1 | Sachunterricht und Didaktik - eine erste Annäherung | 1 |
| 1.2 | Warum ist Sachunterricht ein so kompliziertes Gebilde? | 5 |
| 1.3 | Warum ist die Beschäftigung mit Didaktik wichtig? | 12 |
| 2 | Zur Geschichte des Sachunterrichts | 20 |
| 2.1 | Sachunterricht und Schulgeschichte | 20 |
| Geschichte des Sachunterrichts | 21 | |
| 2.2 Zur Frühgeschichte des Sachunterrichts - Zur Auseinandersetzung | ||
| um Realien und Anschauungsunterricht | 25 | |
| 2.3 Die Anschauungspädagogik als Vorläuferin des | ||
| Sachunterrichts | 30 | |
| 2.3.1 | Pädagogische Theorien der Anschauungspädagogik | 30 |
| 2.3.2 | Schulentwickluug während der Anschauungsepoche | 35 |
| 2.4 | Von der Anschauungsdidaktik zur Heimatkunde | 37 |
| 2.4.1 | Die erlebnisbetonte Pädagogik Gansbergs und Scharrelmanns | 41 |
| 2.4.2 | Zum Konzept der Arbeitspädagogik Kerschensteiners | 42 |
| 2.4.3 | Weitere reformpädagogische Konzepte | 44 |
| 2.5 Heimatkunde in der DDR als besondere Form der | ||
| Weiterentwicklung | 51 | |
| 2.6 Sachkunde an der Nahtstelle von der Heimatkunde zum | ||
| Sachunterricht | 55 | |
| 2.7 | Probleme und Möglichkeiten im frühen Sachunterricht | 61 |
| 3 | Klassische Konzeptionen des Sachunterrichts | 69 |
| 3.1 Frühe wissenschaftsorientierte Konzeptionen für den | ||
| Sachunterricht | 69 | |
| 3.1.1 | Einzelfachdidaktische Sachunterrichtskonzepte | 70 |
| 3.1.2 | Strukturorientierter Naturwissenschaftlicher Sachunterricht | 74 |
| 3.1.3 | Verfahrensorientierte Curricula | 76 |
| 3.2 | Politisch-soziales Lernen im Sachunterricht | 80 |
| 3.3 | Mehrperspektivischer Sachunterricht | 84 |
| 3.4 | Offene Sachunterrichtscurricula in England | 90 |
| 3.5 Tendenzen der Sachunterrichtsentwicklung in Deutschland | ||
| ab 1975 | 92 | |
| 4 Veränderungen in der Welt der Kinder - die sachunterrichts- | ||
| didaktische Gegenwarts- und Zukunftdimension | 100 | |
| 4.1 | Sachunterricht und Welt | 100 |
| 4.2 Heimat oder Welt, Lebenswelt oder Lebenswirklichkeit? | ||
| Worauf zielt der Sachunterricht? | 101 | |
| 4.3 | Grundzüge der Risikogesellschaft | 104 |
| 4.4 | Tendenzen in der Risikogesellschaft | 108 |
| 4.5 Chancen für nachhaltige Bildung aus der Widersprüchlichkeit | ||
| der Weltprobleme der Gegenwart | 113 | |
| 5 | Was bedeutet der Sachunterricht den Kindern? | 118 |
| 5.1 | Kindheit im Wandel - didaktische Konsequenzen | 119 |
| 5.1.1 | Kindheit historisch betrachtet | 119 |
| 5.1.2 | Kindorientierung als didaktischer Maßstab | 121 |
| 5.1.3 | Kindheit heute | 127 |
| 5.2 | Kinder sind Kinder | 141 |
| 5.3 | Lernvoraussetzungen für den Sachunterricht | 151 |
| 5.3.1 | Zur Problematik der Lernvoraussetzungen | 151 |
| 5.3.2 | Vorliegender Untersuchungsstand zu Lernvoraussetzungen | 153 |
| 5.3.3 | Methoden der Lernvoraussetzungsanalyse | 159 |
| 5.3.4 | Lernvoraussetzungen und pädagogische Konsequenzen | 163 |
| 5.4 | Kinder sind lernende Menschen | 165 |
| 6 | Die Sache des Sachunterrichts | 174 |
| 6.1 | Grundfragen der Inhaltsauswahl | 174 |
| 6.2 | Inhalte aus den Fächern? | 177 |
| 6.3 | Schlüsselprobleme als Lösung des Fachdilemmas? | 184 |
| 6.4 Vorschlag für ein neues Kerncurriculum für den | ||
| Sachunterricht | 191 | |
| 7 | Sachunterricht der Zukunft | 198 |
| 7.1 | Erfahrungsorientierung und Lebensnähe | 202 |
| 7.2 Forschendes Lernen im Sachunterricht: Problemorientierung | ||
| und Entdeckendes Lernen im wissenschaftsorientierten | ||
| Sachunterricht | 210 | |
| 7.2.1 | Drei Varianten forschenden Lernens | 211 |
| 7.2.2 | Verbindungslinien der Konzepte | 215 |
| 7.2.3 Konzeptwechsel und neue Perspektiven von | ||
| Wissenschaftsorientierung im Sachunterricht | 216 | |
| 7.3 | Schülerorientierter/kindorientierter/offener Sachunterricht | 219 |
| 7.3.1 | Begründungen für kindorientierten, offenen Sachunterricht | 219 |
| 7.3.2 | Organisationsformen für beweglichen Sachunterricht | 223 |
| 7.3.3 | Konzeptansätze für kindgerechten Sachunterricht | 224 |
| 7.4 Handlungsorientierter Sachunterricht und | ||
| Projektorientierung | 229 | |
| 7.4.1 | Begriffsbestimmung von Handlungsorientierung | 229 |
| 7.4.2 | Projektorientierung | 233 |
| 7.5 Philosophische und Ästhetische Zugangsweisen für | ||
| Sachunterricht | 237 | |
| 7.5.1 | Philosophische Zugangsweisen | 237 |
| 7.5.2 | Ästhetische Zugangsweisen | 242 |
| 7.6 | Kommunikativer Sachunterricht | 246 |
| 7.7 | Grundsätze zukünftigen Sachunterrichts | 253 |
| 8 | Guter Sachunterricht in der Praxis | 257 |
| 8.1 | Wege zum guten Sachunterricht | 257 |
| 8.2 | Guter Sachunterricht | 261 |
| 8.2.1 | Strukturierung im Sachunterricht | 261 |
| 8.2.2 | Echte Lernzeit | 263 |
| 8.2.3 | Verbesserung des sozialen Klimas | 265 |
| 8.2.4 | Inhaltliche Klarheit im Sachunterricht | 267 |
| 8.2.5 | Sinnstiftendes Kommunizieren | 273 |
| 8.2.6 | Methodenvielfalt | 275 |
| 8.2.7 | Individuelles Fördern | 280 |
| 8.2.8 | Intelligentes Üben | 281 |
| 8.2.9 | Transparente Leistungserwartungen | 283 |
| 8.2.10 | Vorbereitete Umgebung | 285 |
| 8.2.11 | Tricks für guten Sachunterricht | 286 |
| 8.3 | Sachunterrichtlicher Schulanfang | 288 |
| 8.4 | Ansätze für einen geschlechtergerechten Sachunterricht | 290 |
| 8.5 | Gedanken zur Unterrichtsplanung | 293 |
| 9 Sachunterricht zwischen theoretischem Anspruch und | ||
| praktischen Möglichkeiten | 296 | |
| Literatur | 300 | |