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Autoren:
Verlag:
UTB Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
0 | Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage | 9 |
1 | Einleitung | Ii |
2 | Grundbegriffe | 17 |
2.1 | Dimensionen und Variablen | 17 |
2.2 | Eigenschaften von Variablen | 18 |
2.3 | Schreibweisen | 23 |
2.4 | Kodierungen | 26 |
2.5 | Datenorganisation | 28 |
DESKRIPTIVSTATISTIK | ||
3 | Univariate Analyse | 33 |
3.1 | Häufigkeitstabellen | 35 |
3.2 | Einfache grafische Darstellungen | 39 |
3.2.1 | Balkendiagramm | 39 |
3.2.2 | Histogramm | 40 |
3.2.3 | Kreisdiagramm | 43 |
3.3 | Mittelwerte | 44 |
3.3.1 | Arithmetisches Mittel | 45 |
3.3.2 | Median | 45 |
3.3.3 | Modus | 47 |
3.4 | Quantile (Lagemaße) | 47 |
3.5 | Streuungsmaße | 48 |
3.5.1 | Spannweite | 49 |
3..2 | Quartilsabstand | 49 |
3.5.3 | Varianz und Standardabweichung | 50 |
3.5.4 | Variationskoeffizient | 52 |
3.6 | Maße der qualitativen Variation | 52 |
3.6.1 | Lieberson-Index und normierter Lieberson-Index | 53 |
3.6.2 | Devianz und relative Devianz | 55 |
3.7 | Konzentration | 57 |
3.7.1 | Lorenzkurve | 57 |
3.7.2 | Lorenz-Münzner-Maß | 61 |
3.8 | Boxplot | 62 |
3.9 | z-Standardisierung | 64 |
4 | Bivariate Analyse | 66 |
4.1 | Kausalität und statistische Analyse | 67 |
4.2 | Tabellenanalyse | 70 |
4.2.1 | Kontingenztabelle | 70 |
4.2.2 | Spaltenprozentuierung | 73 |
4.2.3 | Prozentsatzdifferenz | 76 |
4.2.4 | Odds und Odds Ratio | 77 |
4.2.5 | Chi-Quadrat | 82 |
4.3 | Korrelation und Regression | 86 |
4.3.1 | Streudiagramm | 87 |
4.3.2 | Kovarianz und Korrelationskoeffizient | 91 |
4.3.3 | Bivariate Regression | 96 |
4.4 | Bivariate Zusammenhangsmaße im Überblick | 111 |
5 | Drittvariablenkontrolle | 113 |
5.1 | Drittvariablenkontrolle in der Tabellenanalyse | 115 |
5.2 Drittvariablenkontrolle in der Regressions- und | ||
Korrelationsrechnung | 124 | |
INFERENZSTATISTIK | ||
6 | Zufallsstichproben und Schätzen | 133 |
6.1 | Zufallsstichproben | 134 |
6.2 | Statistische Verteilungen | 139 |
.2.1 | Die Normalverteilung | 140 |
6.2.2 | Die t-Verteilung | 144 |
6.3 | Stichprobenverteilungen | 145 |
6.4 | Wahrscheinlichkeit | 151 |
6.5 | Schätzen | 155 |
6.5.1 | Punktschätzung | 155 |
6.5.2 | Intervallschätzung | 157 |
6.6 | Gewichtungen und praktische Probleme | 159 |
7 | Testen | 164 |
7.1 | z-Test des Anteilswertes | 165 |
7.2 | z-Test des arithmetischen Mittels | 169 |
7.3 | Fehler erster und zweiter Art | 172 |
7.4 | x2"Unabhängigkeitstest | 177 |
7.5 | t-Test des Korrelationskoeffizienten | 180 |
7.6 | Allgemeine Vorgehensweise | 182 |
7.7 | Unterschied zwischen Schätzen und Testen | 184 |
MULTIVARIATE VERFAHREN | ||
8 | Multiple lineare Regression | 189 |
8.1 | Logik und Grundmodell | 191 |
8.1.1 | Multiple Regressionsgleichung | 194 |
8.1.2 | Standardisierter Regressionskoeffizient | 197 |
8.1.3 | Multipler Determinationskoeffizient | 198 |
8.1.4 | Erklärungsbeiträge einzelner Variablen im Modell | 199 |
8.2 | Anwendungsvoraussetzungen | 202 |
8.3 Untersuchung der Anwendungsvoraussetzungen | ||
(deskriptivstatistisches Beispiel) | 204 | |
8.4 | Exkurs: Interaktion | 211 |
8.5 | Multiple Regression mit Stichprobendaten | 215 |
8.5.1 | Inferenzstatistische Überlegungen | 219 |
8.5.2 | F-Test des multiplen Determinationskoeffizienten | 221 |
8.5.3 | Korrigierter Determinationskoeffizient | 223 |
8.5.4 | t-Test des Regressionskoeffizienten | 224 |
8.5.5 | Konfidenzintervalle für ßj | 225 |
8.6 Untersuchung der Anwendungsvoraussetzungen | ||
(inferenzstatistisches Beispiel) | 22 | |
8. | Exkurs: Transformation | 231 |
9 | Logistische Regression | 235 |
9.1 | Herleitung der logistischen Regressionsgleichung | 236 |
9.2 | Logitlcoeffizienten und Effektkoeffizienten | 240 |
9.3 | Maximum-Lilcelihood-Methode | 243 |
9.4 | Pseudo-R2 | 248 |
9.5 | Multiple logistische Regression mit Stichprobendaten | 249 |
9.5.1 | Likelihood-Ratio-Test | 253 |
9.5.2 | WALD-Test | 254 |
9.5.3 | Konfidenzintervalle für ßj und eßJ | 255 |
10 | Literatur | 257 |
11 | Anhang | 260 |
11.1 | Kurzporträts multivariater Verfahren | 261 |
11.1.1 | Clusteranalyse | 261 |
11.1.2 | Ereignisdatenanalyse | 262 |
11.1.3 | Faktorenanalyse | 263 |
11.1.4 | Korrespondenzanalyse | 263 |
11.1.5 | Log-lineare Analyse | 264 |
11.1.6 | Mehrebenenanalyse | 265 |
11.1.7 | Netzwerkanalyse | 265 |
11.1.8 | Strukturgleichungsmodelle | 266 |
11.2 | Sekundäranalysen | 267 |
11.2.1 | Eigenheiten der Sekundäranalyse | 267 |
11.2.2 | Datenarchive | 268 |
11.2.3 | Wichtige Datensätze für die Sekundäranalyse | 269 |
11.3 | Literaturhinweise | 271 |
11.4 | Rechnen mit dem Summenzeichen | 275 |
11.5 | Rechnen mit Exponenten und natürlichem Logarithmus | 277 |
11.6 | Statistische Tabellen (Auszüge) | 279 |
12 | Register | 24 |
Register
X2 (Chi-Ouadrat).............. 82
X2-Unabhängigkeitstest ......... 177
0-1-Kodierung, Referenzkategorie..... 108
Aggregation ................ 95
ALLBUS................ 15,269
Annahmebereich............. 166
arithmetisches Mittel............ 45
Auspartialisierung ............ 124
Balkendiagramm.............. 39
Bourdieu, Pierre ............. 264
Boxplot................ 62,208
Cellulation .............. 109,227
Clusteranalyse .............. 261
Cramer's V ................. 85
Datenarchiv für Sozialwissenschaften . . 268
Datenmatrix ................ 28
Deskriptivstatistik ............. 12
Determinationskoeffizient
- korrigierter .............. 223
- multipler................ 198
Determinationskoeffizient r2....... 104
Devianz................ 55,247
Diversität.................. 52
Drittvariable .............. 69,113
Drittvariablenkontrolle, in der
Regressionsanalyse............ 195
Dürkheim, Emile........ 13,69,95,114
Effektkoeffizient ............. 241
Ereignisdatenanalyse........... 262
Ereignisraum............... 152
Erklärung, soziologische .......... 68
ESS.................... 269
eulerschen Zahl.............. 277
explizite Parameter............. 141
explorative Datenanalyse........ 12,272
F-Test, des Determinationskoeffizienten . 222
Faktorenanalyse ............. 263
Fehler erster Art ............. 172
Fehler zweiter Art ........... 172-173
Fisher, Ronald A............ 243,246
Format................... 70
FORS................... 268
Freiheitsgrad............... 144
Gauß, Carl Friedrich ........... 140
GESIS .............. 268-269,274
Gewichtung................................274
- Design-Gewichtung......................160
- Redressment............................161
Gewichtungen..............................139
Gini-Koeffizient ............................61
Gösset, William S............................144
Grundgesamtheit..........................134
Gütekriterien
- Intervallschätzung ......................159
- Punktschätzung..........................156
Hagood, Margaret..........................13
Häufigkeiten
- absolute ................................35
- prozentuale..............................36
- relative..................................35
Häufigkeitstabelle..........................35
Heteroskedastizität, siehe unter
Varianzheterogenität
Histogramm................................40
Homoskedastizität, siehe unter
Varianzhomogenität
Imputation ................................163
Indifferenztabelle..........................82
Indizes......................................23
Indizierung ................................23
Interaktion
- in der Regressionsanalyse................211
- Tabellenanalyse..........................118
Interaktionsterm............................212
Intervallschätzung..........................157
ISSP........................................269
Kant, Immanuel............................67
Kausalanalyse..............................12
Kausalität..................................67
Klassifizierungstabelle......................251
Kodierungen................................26
Konfidenzintervall..........................157
- des Logitkoeffizienten ..................255
- des Regressionskoeffizienten............225
Kontingenztabelle..........................70
Konzentrationsrate ........................57
Korrelationskoeffizient ....................91
Korrespondenzanalyse......................263