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    Statistik für Soziologen

    Statistik für Soziologen

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    UTB   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Auflage: 2. überarbeitete Aufl.
    Erschienen: September 2013
    Seiten: 286
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 22.99 €
    Illustration: 50 schwarz-weiße Abbildungen, 54 schwarz-weiße Tabellen
    Maße: 216x152x20
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    Reihe: Uni-Taschenbücher basics M
    ISBN: 9783825240349

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    0Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage9
    1EinleitungIi
    2Grundbegriffe17
    2.1Dimensionen und Variablen17
    2.2Eigenschaften von Variablen18
    2.3Schreibweisen23
    2.4Kodierungen26
    2.5Datenorganisation28
    DESKRIPTIVSTATISTIK
    3Univariate Analyse33
    3.1Häufigkeitstabellen35
    3.2Einfache grafische Darstellungen39
    3.2.1Balkendiagramm39
    3.2.2Histogramm40
    3.2.3Kreisdiagramm43
    3.3Mittelwerte44
    3.3.1Arithmetisches Mittel45
    3.3.2Median45
    3.3.3Modus47
    3.4Quantile (Lagemaße)47
    3.5Streuungsmaße48
    3.5.1Spannweite49
    3..2Quartilsabstand49
    3.5.3Varianz und Standardabweichung50
    3.5.4Variationskoeffizient52
    3.6Maße der qualitativen Variation52
    3.6.1Lieberson-Index und normierter Lieberson-Index53
    3.6.2Devianz und relative Devianz55
    3.7Konzentration57
    3.7.1Lorenzkurve57
    3.7.2Lorenz-Münzner-Maß61
    3.8Boxplot62
    3.9z-Standardisierung64
    4Bivariate Analyse66
    4.1Kausalität und statistische Analyse67
    4.2Tabellenanalyse70
    4.2.1Kontingenztabelle70
    4.2.2Spaltenprozentuierung73
    4.2.3Prozentsatzdifferenz76
    4.2.4Odds und Odds Ratio77
    4.2.5Chi-Quadrat82
    4.3Korrelation und Regression86
    4.3.1Streudiagramm87
    4.3.2Kovarianz und Korrelationskoeffizient91
    4.3.3Bivariate Regression96
    4.4Bivariate Zusammenhangsmaße im Überblick111
    5Drittvariablenkontrolle113
    5.1Drittvariablenkontrolle in der Tabellenanalyse115
    5.2 Drittvariablenkontrolle in der Regressions- und
    Korrelationsrechnung124
    INFERENZSTATISTIK
    6Zufallsstichproben und Schätzen133
    6.1Zufallsstichproben134
    6.2Statistische Verteilungen139
    .2.1Die Normalverteilung140
    6.2.2Die t-Verteilung144
    6.3Stichprobenverteilungen145
    6.4Wahrscheinlichkeit151
    6.5Schätzen155
    6.5.1Punktschätzung155
    6.5.2Intervallschätzung157
    6.6Gewichtungen und praktische Probleme159
    7Testen164
    7.1z-Test des Anteilswertes165
    7.2z-Test des arithmetischen Mittels169
    7.3Fehler erster und zweiter Art172
    7.4x2"Unabhängigkeitstest177
    7.5t-Test des Korrelationskoeffizienten180
    7.6Allgemeine Vorgehensweise182
    7.7Unterschied zwischen Schätzen und Testen184
    MULTIVARIATE VERFAHREN
    8Multiple lineare Regression189
    8.1Logik und Grundmodell191
    8.1.1Multiple Regressionsgleichung194
    8.1.2Standardisierter Regressionskoeffizient197
    8.1.3Multipler Determinationskoeffizient198
    8.1.4Erklärungsbeiträge einzelner Variablen im Modell199
    8.2Anwendungsvoraussetzungen202
    8.3 Untersuchung der Anwendungsvoraussetzungen
    (deskriptivstatistisches Beispiel)204
    8.4Exkurs: Interaktion211
    8.5Multiple Regression mit Stichprobendaten215
    8.5.1Inferenzstatistische Überlegungen219
    8.5.2F-Test des multiplen Determinationskoeffizienten221
    8.5.3Korrigierter Determinationskoeffizient223
    8.5.4t-Test des Regressionskoeffizienten224
    8.5.5Konfidenzintervalle für ßj225
    8.6 Untersuchung der Anwendungsvoraussetzungen
    (inferenzstatistisches Beispiel)22
    8.Exkurs: Transformation231
    9Logistische Regression235
    9.1Herleitung der logistischen Regressionsgleichung236
    9.2Logitlcoeffizienten und Effektkoeffizienten240
    9.3Maximum-Lilcelihood-Methode243
    9.4Pseudo-R2248
    9.5Multiple logistische Regression mit Stichprobendaten249
    9.5.1Likelihood-Ratio-Test253
    9.5.2WALD-Test254
    9.5.3Konfidenzintervalle für ßj und eßJ255
    10Literatur257
    11Anhang260
    11.1Kurzporträts multivariater Verfahren261
    11.1.1Clusteranalyse261
    11.1.2Ereignisdatenanalyse262
    11.1.3Faktorenanalyse263
    11.1.4Korrespondenzanalyse263
    11.1.5Log-lineare Analyse264
    11.1.6Mehrebenenanalyse265
    11.1.7Netzwerkanalyse265
    11.1.8Strukturgleichungsmodelle266
    11.2Sekundäranalysen267
    11.2.1Eigenheiten der Sekundäranalyse267
    11.2.2Datenarchive268
    11.2.3Wichtige Datensätze für die Sekundäranalyse269
    11.3Literaturhinweise271
    11.4Rechnen mit dem Summenzeichen275
    11.5Rechnen mit Exponenten und natürlichem Logarithmus277
    11.6Statistische Tabellen (Auszüge)279
    12Register24

    Register


    Register
    X2 (Chi-Ouadrat).............. 82
    X2-Unabhängigkeitstest ......... 177
    0-1-Kodierung, Referenzkategorie..... 108
    Aggregation ................ 95
    ALLBUS................ 15,269
    Annahmebereich............. 166
    arithmetisches Mittel............ 45
    Auspartialisierung ............ 124
    Balkendiagramm.............. 39
    Bourdieu, Pierre ............. 264
    Boxplot................ 62,208
    Cellulation .............. 109,227
    Clusteranalyse .............. 261
    Cramer's V ................. 85
    Datenarchiv für Sozialwissenschaften . . 268
    Datenmatrix ................ 28
    Deskriptivstatistik ............. 12
    Determinationskoeffizient
    - korrigierter .............. 223
    - multipler................ 198
    Determinationskoeffizient r2....... 104
    Devianz................ 55,247
    Diversität.................. 52
    Drittvariable .............. 69,113
    Drittvariablenkontrolle, in der
    Regressionsanalyse............ 195
    Dürkheim, Emile........ 13,69,95,114
    Effektkoeffizient ............. 241
    Ereignisdatenanalyse........... 262
    Ereignisraum............... 152
    Erklärung, soziologische .......... 68
    ESS.................... 269
    eulerschen Zahl.............. 277
    explizite Parameter............. 141
    explorative Datenanalyse........ 12,272
    F-Test, des Determinationskoeffizienten . 222
    Faktorenanalyse ............. 263
    Fehler erster Art ............. 172
    Fehler zweiter Art ........... 172-173
    Fisher, Ronald A............ 243,246
    Format................... 70
    FORS................... 268
    Freiheitsgrad............... 144
    Gauß, Carl Friedrich ........... 140
    GESIS .............. 268-269,274
    Gewichtung................................274
    - Design-Gewichtung......................160
    - Redressment............................161
    Gewichtungen..............................139
    Gini-Koeffizient ............................61
    Gösset, William S............................144
    Grundgesamtheit..........................134
    Gütekriterien
    - Intervallschätzung ......................159
    - Punktschätzung..........................156
    Hagood, Margaret..........................13
    Häufigkeiten
    - absolute ................................35
    - prozentuale..............................36
    - relative..................................35
    Häufigkeitstabelle..........................35
    Heteroskedastizität, siehe unter
    Varianzheterogenität
    Histogramm................................40
    Homoskedastizität, siehe unter
    Varianzhomogenität
    Imputation ................................163
    Indifferenztabelle..........................82
    Indizes......................................23
    Indizierung ................................23
    Interaktion
    - in der Regressionsanalyse................211
    - Tabellenanalyse..........................118
    Interaktionsterm............................212
    Intervallschätzung..........................157
    ISSP........................................269
    Kant, Immanuel............................67
    Kausalanalyse..............................12
    Kausalität..................................67
    Klassifizierungstabelle......................251
    Kodierungen................................26
    Konfidenzintervall..........................157
    - des Logitkoeffizienten ..................255
    - des Regressionskoeffizienten............225
    Kontingenztabelle..........................70
    Konzentrationsrate ........................57
    Korrelationskoeffizient ....................91
    Korrespondenzanalyse......................263


    Kovarianz ................. 91
    Kreuztabelle................ 70
    Laplace, Pierre-Simon ........... 140
    Lazarsfeld, Paul .............. 264
    Lazarsfeld, Paul F. ............. 114
    Lieberson, Stanley............. 53
    Lieberson-Index .............. 53
    - normierter .............. 53-54
    Likelihood .............. 243,247
    Likelihood-Ratio-Test............ 253
    Log-Likelihood............... 247
    log-linearen Analyse............ 264
    Logit.................... 79
    Logitkoeffizient, standardisierter..... 252
    Logitkoeffizienten............ 240
    Lorenz-Münzner-Maß ........... 61
    Lorenzkurve................ 57
    LOWESS .................. 228
    Margmaltabelle .............. 115
    Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzung..... 246
    Median................... 45
    Mehrebenenanalyse.......... 96,265
    Merkmalsträger.............. 18
    Methode der gewichteten kleinsten
    Quadrate.................. 211
    Methode der kleinsten Quadrate ..... 100
    Mikrozensus................ 270
    missing values............... 27
    Mittelwertzentrierung......... 64,214
    Modulierung................ 212
    Modus................... 47
    Moivre, Abraham de............ 140
    Multikollinearität ............. 202
    multipel.................. 189
    multivariat................. 190
    natürlicher Logarithmus.......... 278
    Nettovalidierung.............. 163
    Netzwerkanalyse.............. 265
    Ney man, Jerzy........ 157,164,172,182
    Nonresponse................ 162
    Normalverteilung............. 140
    Normierung....... 52, 54, 64,81,85,94
    Notationen................. 23
    Odds.................. 78,238
    Odds Ratio................. 77
    ökologischer Fehlschluss.......... 95
    Operationalisierung............ 18
    Panel.................... 270
    Partialkorrelation ............. 126
    Partialtabellen............... 116
    partielle Regressionsdiagramme...... 205
    partielle Residuenplots .......... 233
    Pearson, Egon S........ 157,164,172,182
    Pearson, Karl............ 84,91,177
    Pfaddiagramm............... 114
    Primäranalysen............................267
    Prozentsatzdifferenz ................76
    Pseudo-R2..................................248
    Punktschätzung............................155
    - erwartungstreue........................156
    - verzerrte................................156
    Punktsschätzung, effiziente................156
    Ouantile, der Standardnormalverteilung . 143
    Ouartile......................................48
    Ouartilsabstand..............................49
    Regression, bivariate........................96
    Regressionsdiagnostik ....................203
    Regressionsebene..........................193
    Regressionsgerade ..........................98
    Regressionsgleichung, bivariate..............99
    Regressionsgleichung, logistische..........238
    Regressionsgleichung, multiple............194
    Regressionskoeffizient ......................99
    - partieller.............. 125,195
    - standardisierter ........................197
    Regressionskoeffizienten, konditionaler . 213
    Repräsentativst..........................136
    Residue......................................99
    Residuenanalyse ..........................203
    Rückweisungsbereich......................166
    Schätzen ..................................155
    Scheinkausalität, Tabellenanalyse..........116
    Sekundäranalyse ..........................274
    Sekundäranalysen ........................267
    Semipartialkorrelation ....................202
    Signifikanzniveau..........................166
    Skalenniveau................................18
    - Intervallskala..............................20
    - metrisches................................19
    - nominales...................18
    - ordinales..................................19
    - Verhältnisskala............................19
    Skalierung ..................................21
    SOEP ......................................270
    Spaltenprofil ................................76
    Spannweite..................................49
    Standardabweichung........................50
    Standardnormalverteilung................143
    Stichprobe ................................134
    Stichprobendesign ........................136
    Stichprobenfehler
    - des Anteilswertes ......................150
    - des arithmetischen Mittels..............149
    - des Regressionskoeffizienten............224
    Stichprobengrößen........................134
    Stichprobenkennwerte....................146
    Stichprobenplan ..........................135
    Stichprobenverteilung ....................146
    Stichprobenverteilungen..................145
    Streudiagramm..............................87

    Strukturgleichungsmodelle................266
    Summenzeichen............. . 25
    Suppression, Tabellenanalyse................121
    Survey ......................................15
    t-Test
    - des Korrelationskoeffizienten..........180
    - des Regressionskoeffizienten ..........224
    Tabellenanalyse............................264
    Testgüte ..................................176
    Testtheorie, klassische ........ 164,246
    Toleranz ..................................206
    Totalerhebung............................134
    Transformation........... 21,64,231
    Tukey, John W............. 62,227
    Variable
    - abhängige................................67
    - dichotome................................22
    - diskrete ..................................21
    - kategoriale................................22
    - latente....................................22
    - manifeste ................................22
    - polytome ................................22
    - stetige....................................22
    - unabhängige..............................67
    Variance Inflation Factor..................208
    Varianz......................................50
    Varianzheterogenität......................208
    Varianzhomogenität......................202
    Varianzzerlegung..........................105
    Variationskoeffizient........................52
    Verteilung............... 28,34
    - bedingte ................................72
    - bivariate ................................67
    - empirische ..............................34
    - marginale................................72
    - theoretische ............................34
    Verteilung, Randverteilung ................72
    Vertrauensniveau..........................157
    Vorhersagewert............................98
    Wahrscheinlichkeit ........................152
    WALD-Test, des Logitkoeffizienten..........254
    Weber, Max................................13
    Yule's 0 ....................................81
    z-Standardisierung........... 64,143
    z-Test
    - des Anteilswertes........................165
    - des arithmetischen Mittels..............169
    - des Logitkoeffizienten ..................254
    z-Werte ....................................143
    zentraler Grenzwertsatz....................148
    Zufallsexperiment..........................152
    Zufallsstichprobe ..........................135
    - disproportionale ........................138
    - einfache..................................137
    - geschichtete ............................138
    - Klumpenstichprobe......................138
    - mehrstufige..............................137
    Zufallsstichproben, komplexe..............137
    Zufallsvariable..............................146