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Autoren:
Verlag:
Bergverlag Rother Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
Vorwort | 4 | |
1 Einleitung | ||
Ein perfekter Skitourentag | 13 | |
2 Geschichte des Skitourensports | ||
2.1 | Die Erfindung des Skis | 17 |
2.2 | Entwicklung des Skisports | 17 |
2.3 | Breitensport Skitourengehen | 19 |
3 Ausrüstung | ||
3.1 | Tourenski | 21 |
3.1.1 | Funktionalität und Mode | 21 |
3.1.2 | Aufbau | 22 |
3.1.3 | Geometrie und Einsatzzweck | 23 |
3.1.4 | Skipflege | 24 |
3.2 | Tourenbindung | 24 |
3.2.1 | Rahmenbindungen | 25 |
3.2.2 | Pin-Systeme | 26 |
3.2.3 | Ultra-Leicht-Bindungen | 26 |
3.2.4 | Freeridebindungen | 26 |
3.2.5 | Bindungszubehör | 27 |
3.3 | Steigfelle | 27 |
3.3.1 | Aufbau der Felle | 27 |
3.3.2 | Auswahl des Steigfells | 28 |
3.3.3 | Befestigungssysteme | 28 |
3.3.4 | Pflege und Lagerung | 29 |
3.3.5 | Nachbehandlung der Klebefläche | 29 |
3.3.6 | Lebensdauer | 29 |
3.3.7 | Fellreparatur auf Tour | 30 |
3.4 | Tourenskischuhe | 30 |
3.4.1 | Aufstiegsorientiert | 30 |
3.4.2 | Abfahrtsorientiert | 31 |
3.4.3 | Aufbau der Tourenschuhe | 31 |
3.5 | Skistöcke | 31 |
3.6 | Lawinenverschütteten-Suchgeräte (LVS) | 32 |
3.6.1 | Pieps | 32 |
3.6.2 | Mammut Barryvox | 33 |
3.6.3 | Ortovox | 33 |
3..4 | Arva | 33 |
3.6.5 | BCA | 33 |
3.7 | Lawinenschaufeln, Lawinensonden | 34 |
3.8 | Weitere Sicherheitssysteme | 34 |
3.8.1 | Lawinen-Airbag-System | 34 |
3.8.2 | Avalung | 34 |
3.8.3 | Avalanche-Ball | 35 |
3.9 | Sonstige Ausrüstung | 35 |
3.9.1 | Rucksack | 35 |
3.9.2 | Biwaksack | 36 |
3.9.3 | Erste-Hilfe-Ausrüstung | 37 |
3.9.4 | Sonnenschutz | 37 |
3.9.5 | Skihelm | 38 |
3.10 | Bekleidung auf Skitouren | 38 |
3.10.1 | Basisschicht | 39 |
3.10.2 | Isolationsschicht | 39 |
3.10.3 | Witterungsschutzschicht (»Shell«) | 39 |
3.10.4 | Skitourenhose | 40 |
3.10.5 | Handschuhe | 40 |
3.10.6 | Sonstige Bekleidung | 40 |
3.11 | Ausrüstung für anspruchsvollere Touren | 40 |
4 Gehtechnik im Aufstieg | ||
4.1 | Aufstieg mit Ski und Fellen | 43 |
4.1.1 | Basistechnik | 43 |
4.1.2 | Kurven bewältigen | 45 |
4.1.3 | Spitzkehre (Kickkehre) | 46 |
4.1.4 | Gehen mit Harscheisen | 47 |
4.2 | Gehen ohne Ski | 47 |
4.2.1 | Skitransport bei Tragestücken | 48 |
4.2.2 | Gehtechnik im Schnee | 49 |
4.2.3 | Gehen mit Steigeisen und Pickel | 49 |
4.3 | Abfahren mit Fellen | 51 |
4.4 | Spuranlage | 51 |
4.5 | Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten für Snowboarder | 52 |
4.5.1 | Aufstieg mit Ski | 52 |
4.5.2 | Aufstieg mit Schneeschuhen | 53 |
4.5.3 | Splitboards | 54 |
4.5.4 | Allgemeines | 54 |
5 Abfahrtstechnik | ||
5.1 | Grundtechniken | 57 |
5.1.1 | Kanten | 57 |
5.1.2 | Belasten | 58 |
5.1.3 | Drehen | 59 |
5.2 | Fahrtechniken | 59 |
5.2.1 Stemmschwung (Stemmbogen).......................... | ||
5.2.2 Parallelschwung..................................................... | ||
5.2.3 Carvingtechnik....................................................... | ||
5.2.4 Talspitzkchrc........................................................... | ||
Tiefschneefahren in verschiedenen Schneearten | ||
5.3.1 Tragender Harsch oder Firn.................................. | ||
5.3.2 Pulverschnee .......................................................... | ||
5.3.3 Nassschnee, Sulzschnee ....................................... | ||
5.3.4 Bruchharsch und Faulschnee ............................... | ||
Notfall Lawine | ||
Verhalten in einer Lawine............................................ | ||
6.2 Bedeutung der Kameradenrettung | ||
6.3 Voraussetzungen für eine wirkungsvolle Kameradenrettung ... | ||
6.3.1 Praxistaugliche und vollständige Sicherheitsausrüstung........ | ||
6.3.2 Regelmäßiges Üben ..................................................................... | ||
6.4 Rettungsaktion...................................................................................... | ||
6.4.1 Organisation ................................................................................. | ||
6.4.2 Signalsuche ................................................................................... | ||
6.4.3 Grobsuche ..................................................................................... | ||
6.4.4 Feinsuche....................................................................................... | ||
6.4.5 Sondieren (Punktortung)............................................................. | ||
6.4.6 Schaufelstrategie.......................................................................... | ||
6.4.7 Mehrfachverschüttungen............................................................ | ||
6.4.8 Bergung und Versorgung............................................................ | ||
7 Lawinenkunde | ||
7.1 Die weiße Gefahr.................................................................................. | ||
7.1.1 Zahl der Lawinenunfälle.............................................................. | ||
7.1.2 Todesfallrisiko bei Lawinenabgängen........................................ | ||
7.1.3 Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Lawinenkunde...................... | ||
7.2 Lawinentypen........................................................................................ | ||
7.2.1 Lockerschneelawine ..................................................................... | ||
7.2.2 Gleitschneelawine ........................................................................ | ||
7.2.3 Schneebrettlawine ....................................................................... | ||
7.2.4 Weitere Lawinentypisierungen ................................................... | ||
7.3 Einflussgrößen der Schneebrettgefahr | ||
7.3.1 Gebundener Schnee..................................................................... | ||
7.3.2 Gleitschicht.................................................................................... | ||
7.3.3 Hangneigung ................................................................................ | ||
7.3.4 Belastung der Schichtverbindung.............................................. | ||
7.4 Gefahrenmuster.......................................................................... | ||
7.4.1 Neuschnee...................................................................................... | ||
7.4.2 Triebschnee.................................................................................... | ||
7.4.3 Nassschnee.................................................................................... | ||
7.4.4 Altschnee............................................................ | ||
7.5 Lawinenlagebericht (LLB)........................................... | ||
7.5.1 Lawinengefahrenstufen................................... | ||
7.5.2 Aufbau des Lageberichts................................. | ||
7.5.3 Anwendung des Lawinenlageberichtes ........ | ||
7.5.4. Bezug des LLB .................................................. | ||
7.6 Die Filtermethode 3x3 nach Werner Munter | ||
7.6.1 Regional (Tourenplanung)............................... | ||
7.6.2 Lokal (auf Tour)................................................. | ||
7.6.3 Zonal (Einzclhang)............................................ | ||
7.7 Die SnowCard........................................................... | ||
7.7.1 Aufbau der SnowCard ..................................... | ||
7.7.2 Entscheidungshilfe SnowCard........................ | ||
7.8 Entscheidungsstrategie | ||
7.8.1 Basislevel............................................................. | ||
7.8.2 Fortgeschrittenes Level.................................... | ||
8 Skihochtouren | ||
8.1 Sichern am Gletscher................................................. | ||
8.1.1 Entscheidung für oder gegen das Seil ............ | ||
8.1.2 Seilschaftsauftcilung.......................................... | ||
8.1.3 Richtiges Anseilen .............................................. | ||
8.1.4 Aufstieg am Seil.................................................. | ||
8.1.5 Abfahrt am Seil................................................... | ||
8.2 Spaltenbergung .......................................................... | ||
8.2.1 Halten des Sturzes.............................................. | ||
8.2.2 Mannschaftszug ................................................. | ||
8.2.3 Lose Rolle............................................................. | ||
8.2.4 Schweizer Flaschenzug ...................................... | ||
8.2.5 Prusiktechnik....................................................... | ||
8.3 Sichern in Fels und Eis | ||
8.3.1 Fixpunkte auf Skitouren .................................... | ||
8.3.2 Verwendung von fixem Sicherungsmaterial ... | ||
8.4 Gehen mit Steigeisen und Pickel | ||
8.5 Höhenakklimatisation und -adaption | ||
9 Orientierung | ||
Umgang mit der Karte .......................................... | ||
9.1.1 Maßstab........................................................... | ||
9.1.2 Kartendatum ................................................... | ||
9.1.3 Koordinatengitter........................................... | ||
.1.4 Höhenlinien (Isohypsen)................................. | ||
.1.5 Geländeformen in topografischen Karten ... | ||
9.2 Orientierung mit weiteren Hilfsmitteln ........................................ | ||
9.2.1 Höhenmesser .............................................................................. | ||
9 2 2 Kompass/Bussolo ........................................................................ | ||
9.3 Orientierung mit GPS .................................................................... | ||
9.3.1 Funktionsweise der GPS-Navigation ........................................ | ||
9.3.2 Grundlegende Vorgehensweise bei der GPS-Orientierung | ||
9.3.3 Grundbegriffe ............................................................................ | ||
9.3.4 Digitale Kartensoftware............................................................. | ||
9.3.5 GPS-Geräte .................................................................................. | ||
10 Wetter | ||
10.1 Allgemeines ......................................................................................... | ||
10.2 Grundlagen .......................................................................................... | ||
10.2.1 Luftdruck und Luftdruckgebilde ............................................ | ||
10.2.2 Strahlung und Temperatur...................................................... | ||
10.2.3 Luftfeuchtigkeit und Niederschlag ........................................ | ||
10.2.4 Topografie ................................................................................. | ||
10.3 Typische Wetterlagen ........................................................................ | ||
10 3.1 Nordstaulage ............................................................................ | ||
10.3.2 Westlage.................................................................................... | ||
10.3.3 Italientief ................................................................................... | ||
10.3.4 Hoch über Mitteleuropa.......................................................... | ||
10.4 Anwendungsbeispiele ....................................................................... | ||
10 4.1 Schneefallgrcnze ...................................................................... | ||
10.4.2 Neuschnecmenge..................................................................... | ||
10.4.3 Sichtbcdingungen.................................................................... | ||
10.4.4 Firn und Harsch ........................................................................ | ||
10.4.5 Bruchharsch oder Pulver ......................................................... | ||
11 Tourenplanung | ||
11.1 Gebietsauswahl................................................................................... | ||
11.1.1 Frühwinter (November und Dezember) ................................ | ||
11.1.2 Hochwinter (Januar, Februar) .................................. | ||
11.1.3 Spätwinter (März) .................................................................... | ||
11.1/1 Frühjahr (April und Mai).......................................................... | ||
11.2 Datensammlung ................................................................................. | ||
11.2.1 Gelände ..................................................................................... | ||
11.2.2 Verhältnisse............................................................................... | ||
11.2.3 Wir und die anderen................................................................ | ||
11.3 Detailplanung ..................................................................................... | ||
11.3.1 Anreise, Übernachtung ........................................................... | ||
11.3.2 Ausrüstung................................................................................ | ||
11.3.3 Zeitablauf .................................................................................. | ||
11.3.4 Lawinenlage.............................................................................. | ||
11.3.5 Routenverlauf und Checkpunkte ........................................... | ||
70 | ||
.4 | Digitale Tourenplanung | 156 |
114 | ,1 Arbeitsumgebung | 156 |
11.4.2 | Route planen | 157 |
12 Unterwegs in der Gruppe | ||
12.1 | Verantwortung | 161 |
12.2 | Gruppenbildung | 161 |
12.3 | Gruppenorganisation | 162 |
12.3.1 | Materialcheck | 162 |
12.3.2 | LVS-Gerätecheck | 163 |
12.3.3 | Aufstieg | 163 |
12.3.4 | Abfahrt | 164 |
13 Verhalten auf Skitour | ||
13.1 | Verhaltenstipps im Tourenbereich | 167 |
13.2 | Skitouren auf Pisten | 169 |
13.3 | Skibergsteigen umweltfreundlich | 169 |
14 Anhang | ||
14.1 | Checkliste Ausrüstung | 173 |
14.2 | Informationsquellen | 174 |
14.3 | Literaturverzeichnis | 175 |
14.4 | Wichtige Knoten | 176 |
Register | 178 | |
Bildtexte.........................................................................................................isi | ||
Impressum | 184 | |