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Springer-Verlag Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
| 1 Einleitung......................................... | ||
| 2 Der Kristallzustand.................................. | ||
| 2.1 Übungsaufgaben................................. | ||
| 3 Das Raumgitter und seine Eigenschaften................... | ||
| 3.1 Gittergerade.................................... | ||
| 3.2 Gitterebene .................................... | ||
| 3.3 Raumgitter..................................... | ||
| 3.4 Bezeichnung von Punkten, Geraden und Ebenen im Raumgitter | ||
| 3.4.1 Gitterpunkt uvw............................ | ||
| 3.4.2 Gittergerade [uvw] .......................... | ||
| 3.4.3 Gitterebene (Netzebene) (hkl)................... | ||
| 3.5 Zonengleichung................................. | ||
| 3.5.1 Anwendungen der Zonengleichung............... | ||
| 3.6 Übungsaufgaben................................. | ||
| 4 Die Kristallstruktur.................................. | ||
| 4.1 Übungsaufgaben................................. | ||
| 5 Die Morphologie.................................... | ||
| 5.1 Korrespondenz von Kristallstruktur und Morphologie....... | ||
| 5.2 Grundbegriffe der Morphologie ...................... | ||
| 5.3 Wachsen der Kristalle............................. | ||
| 5.4 Stereographische Projektion......................... | ||
| 5.5 Reflexionsgoniometer............................. | ||
| 5.6 Wulff sches Netz................................. | ||
| 5.7 Indizierung eines Kristalls.......................... | ||
| 5.8 Gnomonische und orthographische Projektion............ | ||
| 5.8.1 Gnomonische Projektion...................... | ||
| 5.8.2 Orthographische Projektion.................... | ||
| 5.9 Übungsaufgaben................................. | ||
| 6 | Das Symmetrieprinzip | 65 |
| 6.1 | Drehachsen | 67 |
| 6.2 | Spiegelebene | 71 |
| 6.3 | Inversionszentrum | 72 |
| 6.4 | Koppelung von Symmetrieoperationen | 73 |
| 6.4.1 | Drehinversionsachsen | 75 |
| 6.4.2 | Drehspiegelachsen | 76 |
| 6.5 | Übungsaufgaben | 78 |
| 7 | Die 14 Translations-(Bravais-)gitter | 81 |
| 7.1 | Primitive Translationsgitter (P-Gitter) | 85 |
| 7.2 | Symmetrie der primitiven Translationsgitter | 98 |
| 7.2.1 | Symmetrie des triklinen P-Gitters | 100 |
| 7.2.2 | Symmetrie des monoklinen P-Gitters | 100 |
| 7.2.3 | Symmetrie des orthorhombischen P-Gitters | 102 |
| 7.2.4 | Symmetrie des tetragonalen P-Gitters | 104 |
| 7.2.5 | Symmetrie des hexagonalen P-Gitters | 106 |
| 7.2.6 | Symmetrie des kubischen P-Gitters | 108 |
| 7.3 | Zentrierte Translationsgitter | 108 |
| 7.4 | Symmetrie der zentrierten Translationsgitter | 114 |
| 7.5 | Übungsaufgaben | 115 |
| 8 | Die 7 Kristallsysteme | 125 |
| 9 | Die Punktgruppen | 129 |
| 9.1 | Die 32 kristallographischen Punktgruppen | 129 |
| 9.2 | Kristallsymmetrie | 133 |
| 9.2.1 | Kristallformen des tetragonalen Kristallsystems | 144 |
| 9.2.2 | Kristallformen des hexagonalen (trigonalen) Kristallsystems | 153 |
| 9.2.3 | Kristallformen des kubischen Kristallsystems | 162 |
| 9.2.4 Kristallformen des orthorhombischen, | ||
| monoklinen und triklinen Kristallsystems | 162 | |
| 9.3 | Molekülsymmetrie | 163 |
| 9.4 | Punktgruppenbestimmung | 166 |
| 9.5 | Enantiomorphie | 171 |
| 9.6 | Punktgruppen und physikalische Eigenschaften | 171 |
| 9.6.1 | Optische Aktivität | 171 |
| 9.6.2 | Piezoelektrizität | 172 |
| 9.6.3 | Pyroelektrizität | 173 |
| 9.6.4 | Das Dipolmoment der Moleküle | 174 |
| 9.7 | Nichtkristallographische Punktgruppen | 174 |
| 9.8 | Übungsaufgaben | 178 |
| 10 | Die Raumgruppen | 201 |
| 10.1 | Gleitspiegelung und Schraubung | 201 |
| 10.1.1 | Gleitspiegelebenen | 202 |
| 10.1.2 | Schraubenachsen | 205 |
| 10.2 | Die 17 Ebenengruppen | 209 |
| 10.3 | Die 230 Raumgruppen | 213 |
| 10.4 | Eigenschaften der Raumgruppen | 218 |
| 10.5 | International Tables for Crystallography | 226 |
| 10.6 | Achsentransformationen | 232 |
| 10.7 | Raumgruppen und Kristallstruktur | 235 |
| 10.8 | Beziehungen zwischen Punkt- und Raumgruppen | 236 |
| 10.9 | Übungsaufgaben | 239 |
| 11 | Symmetriegruppen | 249 |
| 11.1 | Symmetrieoperationen in Matrizendarstellung | 249 |
| 11.2 | Eigenschaften einer Gruppe | 264 |
| 11.3 | Ableitung einiger Punktgruppen | 267 |
| 11.4 | Gruppentafeln | 270 |
| 11.5 | Gruppen - Untergruppen - Obergruppen | 272 |
| 11.5.1 | Gruppe-Untergruppe-Beziehungen | 272 |
| 11.5.2 | Gruppe-Obergruppe-Beziehungen | 284 |
| 11.5.3 | Strukturverwandtschaften | 286 |
| 11.5.4 | Beschreibung von displaziven Phasenübergängen | 290 |
| 11.6 | Übungsaufgaben | 292 |
| 12 | Grundbegriffe der Kristallchemie | 297 |
| 12.1 | Koordination | 298 |
| 12.2 | Metallstrukturen | 300 |
| 12.3 | Edelgas-und Molekülstrukturen | 304 |
| 12.4 | Ionenstrukturen | 305 |
| 12.4.1 | Ionenradien | 306 |
| 12.4.2 | Oktaederkoordination [6] | 309 |
| 12.4.3 | Hexaederkoordination [8] | 311 |
| 12.4.4 | Tetraederkoordination [4] | 313 |
| 12.5 | Kovalente Strukturen | 316 |
| 12.6 | Isotypie - Mischkristalle - Isomorphic | 316 |
| 12.7 | Polymorphie | 319 |
| 12.7.1 | Transformationen in 1. Koordination | 319 |
| 12.7.2 | Transformationen in 2. Koordination | 321 |
| 12.7.3 | Transformationen durch Ordnung-Unordnung | 322 |
| 12.7.4 | Transformationen durch Änderung des Bindungscharakters | 324 |
| 12.8 | Informationen über Kristallstrukturen | 324 |
| 12.9 | Übungsaufgaben | 325 |
| 13 | Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Kristallen | 329 |
| 13.1 | Braggsche Gleichung | 329 |
| 13.2 | Debye-Scherrer-Verfahren | 330 |
| 13.3 | Reziprokes Gitter | 336 |
| 13.4 | Laue-Gruppen | 340 |
| 13.5 | Bestimmung einer Kristallstruktur | 342 |
| 13.6 | Übungsaufgaben | 346 |
| 14 | Kristallbaufehler | 347 |
| 14.1 | Punktdefekte | 348 |
| 14.2 | Liniendefekte | 349 |
| 14.3 | Flächendefekte | 351 |
| 15 | Anhang | 355 |
| 15.1 | Kristallographische Symbole | 355 |
| 15.2 | Symmetrieelemente | 356 |
| 15.3 Berechnung von Atomabständen und Winkeln | ||
| in einer Kristallstruktur | 359 | |
| 15.4 | Kristallformen | 360 |
| 15.5 | Polyeder-Modellnetze | 363 |
| 16 | Lösungen der Übungsaufgaben | 375 |
| Literaturverzeichnis | 405 | |
| Sachverzeichnis | 409 | |
| Ausschlagtafel (Wulffsches Netz) | 415 | |