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    Kristallographie

    Eine Einführung für Naturwissenschaftler

    Kristallographie
    Eine Einführung für Naturwissenschaftler

    Autoren:

    Verlag:
    Springer-Verlag   Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen

    Auflage: 8., überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage 2013.
    Erschienen: September 2013
    Seiten: 414
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Preis: 29.99 €
    Illustration: 612 schwarz-weiße Abbildungen
    Maße: 241x169x20
    Einband: Taschenbuch
    Reihe: Springer-Lehrbuch
    Zum Buch: Book
    ISBN: 9783642348105

    Inhaltsverzeichnis

    1 Einleitung.........................................
    2 Der Kristallzustand..................................
    2.1 Übungsaufgaben.................................
    3 Das Raumgitter und seine Eigenschaften...................
    3.1 Gittergerade....................................
    3.2 Gitterebene ....................................
    3.3 Raumgitter.....................................
    3.4 Bezeichnung von Punkten, Geraden und Ebenen im Raumgitter
    3.4.1 Gitterpunkt uvw............................
    3.4.2 Gittergerade [uvw] ..........................
    3.4.3 Gitterebene (Netzebene) (hkl)...................
    3.5 Zonengleichung.................................
    3.5.1 Anwendungen der Zonengleichung...............
    3.6 Übungsaufgaben.................................
    4 Die Kristallstruktur..................................
    4.1 Übungsaufgaben.................................
    5 Die Morphologie....................................
    5.1 Korrespondenz von Kristallstruktur und Morphologie.......
    5.2 Grundbegriffe der Morphologie ......................
    5.3 Wachsen der Kristalle.............................
    5.4 Stereographische Projektion.........................
    5.5 Reflexionsgoniometer.............................
    5.6 Wulff sches Netz.................................
    5.7 Indizierung eines Kristalls..........................
    5.8 Gnomonische und orthographische Projektion............
    5.8.1 Gnomonische Projektion......................
    5.8.2 Orthographische Projektion....................
    5.9 Übungsaufgaben.................................
    6Das Symmetrieprinzip65
    6.1Drehachsen67
    6.2Spiegelebene71
    6.3Inversionszentrum72
    6.4Koppelung von Symmetrieoperationen73
    6.4.1Drehinversionsachsen75
    6.4.2Drehspiegelachsen76
    6.5Übungsaufgaben78
    7Die 14 Translations-(Bravais-)gitter81
    7.1Primitive Translationsgitter (P-Gitter)85
    7.2Symmetrie der primitiven Translationsgitter98
    7.2.1Symmetrie des triklinen P-Gitters100
    7.2.2Symmetrie des monoklinen P-Gitters100
    7.2.3Symmetrie des orthorhombischen P-Gitters102
    7.2.4Symmetrie des tetragonalen P-Gitters104
    7.2.5Symmetrie des hexagonalen P-Gitters106
    7.2.6Symmetrie des kubischen P-Gitters108
    7.3Zentrierte Translationsgitter108
    7.4Symmetrie der zentrierten Translationsgitter114
    7.5Übungsaufgaben115
    8Die 7 Kristallsysteme125
    9Die Punktgruppen129
    9.1Die 32 kristallographischen Punktgruppen129
    9.2Kristallsymmetrie133
    9.2.1Kristallformen des tetragonalen Kristallsystems144
    9.2.2Kristallformen des hexagonalen (trigonalen) Kristallsystems153
    9.2.3Kristallformen des kubischen Kristallsystems162
    9.2.4 Kristallformen des orthorhombischen,
    monoklinen und triklinen Kristallsystems162
    9.3Molekülsymmetrie163
    9.4Punktgruppenbestimmung166
    9.5Enantiomorphie171
    9.6Punktgruppen und physikalische Eigenschaften171
    9.6.1Optische Aktivität171
    9.6.2Piezoelektrizität172
    9.6.3Pyroelektrizität173
    9.6.4Das Dipolmoment der Moleküle174
    9.7Nichtkristallographische Punktgruppen174
    9.8Übungsaufgaben178
    10Die Raumgruppen201
    10.1Gleitspiegelung und Schraubung201
    10.1.1Gleitspiegelebenen202
    10.1.2Schraubenachsen205
    10.2Die 17 Ebenengruppen209
    10.3Die 230 Raumgruppen213
    10.4Eigenschaften der Raumgruppen218
    10.5International Tables for Crystallography226
    10.6Achsentransformationen232
    10.7Raumgruppen und Kristallstruktur235
    10.8Beziehungen zwischen Punkt- und Raumgruppen236
    10.9Übungsaufgaben239
    11Symmetriegruppen249
    11.1Symmetrieoperationen in Matrizendarstellung249
    11.2Eigenschaften einer Gruppe264
    11.3Ableitung einiger Punktgruppen267
    11.4Gruppentafeln270
    11.5Gruppen - Untergruppen - Obergruppen272
    11.5.1Gruppe-Untergruppe-Beziehungen272
    11.5.2Gruppe-Obergruppe-Beziehungen284
    11.5.3Strukturverwandtschaften286
    11.5.4Beschreibung von displaziven Phasenübergängen290
    11.6Übungsaufgaben292
    12Grundbegriffe der Kristallchemie297
    12.1Koordination298
    12.2Metallstrukturen300
    12.3Edelgas-und Molekülstrukturen304
    12.4Ionenstrukturen305
    12.4.1Ionenradien306
    12.4.2Oktaederkoordination [6]309
    12.4.3Hexaederkoordination [8]311
    12.4.4Tetraederkoordination [4]313
    12.5Kovalente Strukturen316
    12.6Isotypie - Mischkristalle - Isomorphic316
    12.7Polymorphie319
    12.7.1Transformationen in 1. Koordination319
    12.7.2Transformationen in 2. Koordination321
    12.7.3Transformationen durch Ordnung-Unordnung322
    12.7.4Transformationen durch Änderung des Bindungscharakters324
    12.8Informationen über Kristallstrukturen324
    12.9Übungsaufgaben325
    13Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Kristallen329
    13.1Braggsche Gleichung329
    13.2Debye-Scherrer-Verfahren330
    13.3Reziprokes Gitter336
    13.4Laue-Gruppen340
    13.5Bestimmung einer Kristallstruktur342
    13.6Übungsaufgaben346
    14Kristallbaufehler347
    14.1Punktdefekte348
    14.2Liniendefekte349
    14.3Flächendefekte351
    15Anhang355
    15.1Kristallographische Symbole355
    15.2Symmetrieelemente356
    15.3 Berechnung von Atomabständen und Winkeln
    in einer Kristallstruktur359
    15.4Kristallformen360
    15.5Polyeder-Modellnetze363
    16Lösungen der Übungsaufgaben375
    Literaturverzeichnis405
    Sachverzeichnis409
    Ausschlagtafel (Wulffsches Netz)415