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Autoren:
Verlag:
facultas.wuv Universitäts Weitere Titel dieses Verlages anzeigen
Vorwort | 9 | |
1 | Ausgangspunkte für die Entkolonisierung | 13 |
1.1 | Der Ruf nach Selbstständigkeit | 20 |
1.2 | Der Zweite Weltkrieg - Eine Zäsur | 24 |
1.3 | Eine neue Weltordnung | 28 |
1.4 | Entwicklung - Dekolonisierung - Postkolonialismus | 32 |
1.5 | Fünf Phasen der jüngeren historischen Entwicklung | 37 |
2 | Koloniale Residuen | 41 |
2.1 | US-amerikanische Kolonialpolitik im Uberblick | 41 |
2.1.1 | Hawaii, die US Minor Outlying Islands und Guam | 44 |
2.1.2 | Das Trust Territory und seine Nachfolgestaaten | 48 |
2.2 | Französische Kolonialpolitik im Uberblick | 54 |
2.2.1 | Tahiti und Französisch-Polynesien | 54 |
2.2.2 | Neukaledonien und Wallis und Futuna | 64 |
2.3 | Pitcairn und Rapa Nui | 73 |
3 | Krisen und Konflikte im Pazifik | 77 |
3.1 | Fidschi - Ethnische Konflikte, Coups und Militärherrschaft | 77 |
3.1.1 | Historische und kulturelle Rahmenbedingungen | 79 |
3.1.2 | Coups als politische Strategie? | 84 |
3.1.3 | Alte Pfründe - Neue Allianzen | 92 |
3.1.4 | Bainimarama - Ein neues Kapitel in der Geschichte Fidschis | 99 |
3.2 | Vanuatu - Vom „Enfant terrible" zum respektierten Staat | 108 |
3.2.1 | Historische und kulturelle Rahmenbedingungen | 109 |
3.2.2 | Ein konfliktreicher Start | 115 |
3.2.3 | Selbstbewusstsein und internationales politisches Engagement | 119 |
3.3 | Papua-Neuguinea - Ein taumelnder Rohstoffriese | 127 |
3.3.1 | Stadt versus Land | 132 |
3.3.2 | Küste versus Hochland | 135 |
3.3.3 | Papua- versus austronesische Sprachen | 137 |
3.3.4 | „Kern"-Neuguinea versus Außeninseln | 139 |
3.3.5 | Staatliche Administration versus big men | 141 |
3.3.6 | Tribale Konflikte versus häusliche Gewalt | 148 |
3.3.7 | Erodierung staadicher Strukturen und neue Herausforderungen | 152 |
3.4 | Bougainville - Sezessionsversuche, Krieg und Rückkehr zu Stabilität | 160 |
3.4.1 | Konflikt um eine Mine | 164 |
3.4.2 | Sezessionsbestrebungen und Bürgerkrieg | 170 |
3.4.3 | Steiniger Weg zum Frieden | 181 |
3.5 | West-Papua - Aussichtsloser Kampf um Selbstbestimmung | 191 |
3.5.1 | Historische und kulturelle Rahmenbedingungen | 193 |
3.5.2 | Hollands spätes Bekenntnis zu West-Papua | 199 |
3.5.3 | West-Papua unter indonesischer Herrschaft | 204 |
3.5.4 | Enttäuschte Hoffnungen - Neue Perspektiven | 212 |
3.6 | Salomonen-Inseln - „failed state" oder „unformed state"? | 220 |
3.6.1 | Eskalation, Putsch und das Ausufern der Gewalt | 224 |
3.6.2 | Der Ruf nach Intervention von außen | 228 |
3.6.3 | Historische Ursachenforschung | 235 |
3.6.4 | Akteure und Perspektiven | 240 |
3.7 | Die Minerva-Riffe als Zankapfel zwischen Fidschi und Tonga | 244 |
3.8 | Tonga - Eine Monarchie auf Abruf | 249 |
3.9 | Samoa und American Samoa - Eine schwierige Nachbarschaft | 256 |
4 | Herausforderungen der Gegenwart - Perspektiven für die Zukunft | 269 |
4.1 | Geopolitische Bedeutung und Chinas Einfluss | 269 |
4.2 | Australien als Hegemonialmacht im Pazifik | 274 |
4.3 | Herausforderungen, Identitätskrisen und Neudefinition | 279 |
5 | Anhang | 283 |
5.1 | Abkürzungsverzeichnis | 283 |
5.2 | Literatur | 286 |
Online-Publikationen | 316 | |
5.3 | Karten | 319 |
5.4 | Abbildungsnachweis | 330 |
5.5 | Register | 332 |
5.6 | Zum Autor | 336 |
5.5 Register
Abepura................................. 211,214,218
Act of Free Choice........................ 205,212
Adamsjohn.................................... 73,269
aiga....................................................... 258
Ajkwa-Fluss......................................... 207
Alebua, Ezekiel.................... 222,226£, 230
Alofi....................................................... 72
American Guano Company................... 46
American Samoa......... 9,15,17, 24,29, 48,
256,256-268
Apia............................. 106,257f., 260,268
Apra........................................................ 48
ARABE.................................................. 58
Australien............. 9,16£, 26, 30, 64, 78, 86,
88, lOOf, 104£, 107,111,118,120f£, 125£, 138, 158£, 161£, 170, 172, 178, 184, 194, 199, 202, 216, 221, 223f£, 228, 230, 233, 248,255£, 259,271-278
Austral-Inseln,........................................ 55
Awom, Permenas Ferry.................. 204,210
B
Bainimarama, Voreqe............. 77, 88f£, 95£,
99-108,248,272,278
Baining................................................. 135
Baker............................................... 45£,51
Baker, Shirley........................................ 250
B andung- Konferenz........................ 11,200
Bau-Rewa-Krieg.................................... 80
Bavadra, Timothy.............................. 83,85
Beanal, Tom......................................... 212£
Belep-Inseln........................................... 64
Bensa, Alban...................................... 69,71
Biak...................... 191,195,197,200,211£
Bikini...................................................... 51
Blackbirding......................................... 112
Black Thursday.............................. 252,273
Black Tuesday Riots....................... 232,273
Blockfreie Bewegung.. 11,30,62,106,120f£
Bora Bora........................................ 55£,61
Bougainville... 15,125,132,134,139,149£, 158,160-190,220,222,224,231,235,238, 240,276
Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL)... 165
Bougainville Interim
Government (BIG).......................... 171
Bougainville, Louis Antoine de .. 54, 72,161
Bougainville Revolutionary
Army (BRA).............. 169,190,222,224
Bougainville Special Political
Committee (BSPC)......................... 164
Bougainville Transitional
Government (BTG)........................ 174
Bounty............................................... 18,73
British Solomon Islands
Protectorate (BSIP).................. 161,221
Buka.................. 15,18,129,140,160-164,
171,172f£, 179£, 190,220
Bunker, Ellsworth................................. 203
Cakobau, Ratu Seru............. 80, 87, 91,249
Canton.................................................... 17
Caret, François d'Assise.......................... 55
Centre Culturel Tjibaou......................... 69
Centre d'Experimentations du Pacifique
(CEP)................................................ 57
Chan, Sir Julius 147,153,173-176,181,232
Chaudhry, Mahendra....... 86£, 97,101,223
Chesterfield-Inseln................................. 64
China.......................................... 28,40,44,
47,53,105,107£, 124£, 156,208,221,232, 250,255,260,269-273,278
Chuuk..................................................... 49
Colonial Sugar Refinery (CSR).............. 21
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
^ Islands (CNMI)............................... 265
Compact of Free Association................ 50f.
Congress of Micronesia.......................... 49
Conservative Alliance Matanitu Vanua.. 96
Cook, James............................. 9,44,54,64
Cotonou-Abkommen............................. 30
Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit
^ (CRWU)............................................ 87
Courad, Jean-Pascal................................ 60
D
Dekolonisation............ 9£, 13,15£, 19£, 29
Dependenztheorie............................. 32,34
Direct Rule............................................. 23
Dozy, Jean Jacques......................... 193,206
Dritte Welt............................................. 31
Ducie................................................. 18,74
E
Efate.................................. 109£, 113,126£
Ein-China-Politik................................ 273
Einheit in der Vielfalt...................... 14,198
Ellice-Inseln........................................... 17
ELSHAM............................................ 211
Eluay, Theys......................................... 21 If.
Enderbury......................................... 17,46
Enewetak................................................ 51
Enhanced Cooperation
Programme (ECP).................... 158,184
Entwicklungsdebatte.............................. 34
Ertsberg......................................... 193,206
Espiritu Santo........ 109£, 113£, 116ff., 123
Fangataufa......................................... 51,57
Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)... 50
Fidschi..... 17,20£, 23,30,32, 38£, 77-108,
110,112,120,124£, 127,157£, 178,220£, 223£, 229,243f£, 247-249,260, 273,276, 278,281
Fifty Toea Movement........................... 163
Fijian People s Party............................... 94
Fiji Electricity Authority (FEA)............ 88
Fiji Hardwood Corporation (FHC)....... 86
Fiji Labour Party (FLP).............. 84, 86,94
Fiji Pine Limited (FPL)......................... 86
Fiji Political Party (FPP)........................ 85
Fletcher, Christian.................................. 73
Flosse, Gaston.................................. 59-63
Franzôsisch-Polynesien..... 9, 16, 29, 41, 54,
56-59,62£, 67,72,115
Freeport-McMoRan
Copper 8c Gold Inc......................... 206
Frumjon............................... 111,114,117
Futuna....................................... 17,72,110
Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels............................ 133
Gambier-Inseln...................................... 55
Gandhi, Mahatma.................................. 20
Ganilau, Ratur Sir Penaia................ 85,102
Garasu, Lorraine................................... 188
Gazelle-Halbinsel................................. 135
Geopolitik........................................... 269£
Geostrategie......................................... 270
Gesellschaftsinseln............................ 54,56
Ghadr Movement................................... 22
Gilbert-Inseln......................................... 17
Gillard, Julia.................................. 271,278
Gizo............................................... 224,235
Godelier, Maurice................................ 141f.
Gold Ridge Mine.......................... 225,227
Grande Terre....................... 64,66,71,124
Grasberg.............................................. 206£
Great Council of Chiefs (GCC)...... 84, 87,
90,102,108
Gruppe der 77................................. 32,107
Guadalcanal.......... 162, 220-223, 225-230,
234-240,244
Guadalcanal Liberation Front (GLF)... 228
Guadalcanal Revolutionary
Army (GRA)................................... 222
Guam.... 9,16,29,43£, 46-49,53,264,269£
H
Habibie, Baharuddin J.......................... 212
Hatta, Mohammed.......................... 22,195
Haushofer, Karl.................................... 269
Hawaii-Inseln............ 9,16,24,29,43ff., 54
Henderson.................. 18, 74, 79,224,272£
Honiara............... 124,172£, 184,220-241
Honolulu........................................... 44,49
Howland, Jarvis..................................... 45f.
Huahine................................................. 55£
Hunterlsland .........................110,120,124
I
la Mana Te Nunaa.................................. 60
île des Pins............................................. 64
île Nou................................................... 64
îles Loyauté....................................... 64,69
Iloilo, Ratu Josefa................... 89,94,100ft
Indirect Rule................... 15,23,65, 80,144
Indo-Europeesch Verbond (IEV)........ 194
Indo-Fidschianer... 20£, 80ft, 84£, 90, 93£, 97£,103
International Seabed Authority (ISA).... 247
Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM)..... 223
Island Trading Company (ITC)............. 49
Japan............... 16,21,28,43ft, 47£, 53, 66,
156,165,195,269ft
Javaner.................................................... 66
Jayapura.......... 191,194,197,209-212,218
Johnston-Atoll........................................ 45
K
Kabui, Joseph........ 171,174,178£, 182,189
Kainantu........................................ 135,154
Kaisiepo, Frans.............................. 196,219
Kamehameha 1........................................ 44
Kandavu............................................... 246
Karolinen..................................... 17,47,49
kastom............................................ 183,242
Kava........................................... 52,78,126
Keke, Harold................................. 228,230
Kemakeza, Sir Allen.................... 227£, 231
Kermadec, Huon de................................ 64
Kettenmigration................................... 259
Kilman, Sato................................ 108,121f.
Kingdom of Papala............................... 189
Kiribati....... 17£, 46,51,104,125,229,279
Kiritimati........................................... 18,51
Kissinger, Henry................................... 209
Kjeüen, Rudolf...................................... 269
Knoche, Walter....................................... 75
Kokoda-Trail........................................ 133
Kondjol, Zacharias................................ 205
Kopra................................... 31,49,56,128
Korman, Carlot............................. 121,123
Kosrae................................................ 24,49
Lafleur, Jacques.................................. 6 8, 70
LangloiSjJean......................................... 54
La Perouse.............................................. 64
Laplace, Cyril......................................... 54
Laval, Honoré......................................... 55
Leitana Council of Elders (LCOE)..... 179
Le Mair, Jakob........................................ 72
Lifou....................................................... 64
Lihir.................................................... 154f.
Lini, Walter Hadye......... 20, 113, 115-120,
123-127
Lomé-Abkommen........................... 29,257
M
Mackinder, Harold............................... 269
Madang................................. 132,141,155
Mahan, Alfred...................................... 269
Malaita.................. 220-223, 226, 228, 230,
235f.,239,241,243
Malaita Eagle Force.............................. 223
Maiden Island........................................ 18
Malietoa Tanumafili II......................... 267
marae...................................................... 61
Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese..... 20, 80, 85, 87£,
91£, 102,105,248
Maré.................................................. 64,72
Marquesas-Inseln.............................. 55,63
Marshall-Inseln................. 17,47,49£, 104
matanitu.................................................. 91
Matignon-Oudinot-Abkommen............ 69
Matthew Island.......................110,120,124
Mau-Bewegung...................................... 13
Melanesian Spearhead
Group (MSG).................. 106,121,124
Midway-Inseln....................................... 46
Mikronation......................................... 246
Mimika.......................................... 192,207
Minerva-Riffe........................ 244,247,249
MIRAB................................................ 280
Misima................................................ 154£
moai........................................................ 74
Modernisierungstheorie......................... 33
Molukken............................................. 193
Momisjohn....................... 164,179ff., 190
Monroe-Doktrin............................. 42,269
Morauta, Sir Mekere................... 153£, 181
Morgenstern-Flagge...................... 201,218
Moro-Bewegung.................................. 244
Moruroa...................................... 51,57,62
Moti, Julian.................................... 159,233
Mount Hagen................. 130,132,140,142
Mouvement d'Action
des Nouvelles Hébrides (MANH)... 116
Munir, Said Thalib............................... 213£
musj awarah- System.............................. 206
N
Nagriamel-Bewegung.............. 19,114-118
Napidakoe Navitu........................ 139,163£
Napoleon III.......................................... 63f.
Nasioi............................. 163,166,174,184
Natatok................................................. 115
Native Land Trust Board (NLTB)..... 82,93
Nazareth Center for Rehabilitation...... 188
Nehru, Jawaharlal................................... 30
Neue Hebriden (siehe Vanuatu).. 20,109,118
Neukaledonien............. 9,16,29, 56, 63-73,
110,112,115,118,120,122ff., 221,274
Neuseeland............... 9,13,16f, 23,29,64,74,
88, lOOf, 104£, 107,111,120,125,172,178, 220,223,225,229,255,258£, 275,277
New Britain.. 132f£, 138f, 147,155,182,237
New Britain Palm Oil Limited............. 237
New Georgia............................... 220,235£
New Hebrides National Party.............. 115
Niederländisch-Ostindien......... 191, 193ff.,
197£,200
Niue.................... 9,17,23,29,40,250,259
Nori, Andrew..................................... 224ff.
Northern Mariana Islands
(siehe CNMI).................................... 49
Noshemi Maru..................................... 245
Nouméa.............................. 27,64,66,68f£
Nukufetau............................................... 25
o
Oceanic Life Research
Foundation (OLRF)........................ 117
Oeno.................................................. 18,74
OkTedi....................................... 154£, 181
Oliver, Michael D.......................... 117,246
Ona, Francis.... 168f£, 174,177f£, 181,189
Ono-i-Lau..................................... 244,248
ordre baru...................................... 209,217
Orona (Hull).......................................... 46
Ouvéa................................................ 64,68
Paati Temokalati a e 'Otu Motu 'Anga'ofa. 253
Pacific Church Conference (PCC)......... 62
Pacific Game................................. 267,269
Pacific Islands Countries
Trade Agreement (PICTA)............. 277
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)... 62, 105, 120,
229,233,248,277
Pacific-Rim.................................... 255,269
Pacific Small Islands
Developing States (PSIDS)............. 107
Pago Pago................... 257,261£, 264,266f.
Palau-Inseln..................................... 49,271
Palmyra-Atoll......................................... 46
Panguna............... 164,166ff, 179,187,190
Panguna Landowners
Association (PLA).................. 167£, 187
Pangu-Pati.................. .......................... 147
Papare, Silas................................... 196,200
Papeete...................................... 55,57£,62
Papua Besena Bewegung...................... 139
Papua-Neuguinea.................. 14,18, 20, 26,
38f£, 71,106,118,125,127-165,168,179, 191£, 210,213f£, 220,224,229£, 233,235, 237,240,272£, 275£, 278,281
Papua New Guinea
Defence Force (PNGDF)................ 171
Para-Mikronesien................................. 139
Pariser Kommune................................... 64
Partai Kemerdekaan
Indonesia Irian (PKII)..................... 196
Paulet, Lord George............................... 44
payback............................... 131,149£,223
Peace Monitoring Group (PMG)......... 178
Pearl Harbor.......................... 24,44,47,56
Phoenix Guano Company...................... 46
Phoenix Islands...................................... 46
Pisani, Edgar.......................................... 68
Pitcairn............................... 9,18,29,41,73
Pohnpei................................................. 49£
Pomare IV............................................... 54
Porgera................... ............................. 154£
Port Moresby................. 22,26,128f£, 132£,
136-139,147,151f£, 155,158-161,164f£, 169-174,180,182,185,188,209,233,235
Port Vila..... 108f£, 113,117,121f£, 125,127
postcolonial studies................................. 34
Pouvanaa............................................ 56,59
Pritchard, George................................... 54
Pseudomilitärische Bewegung................ 18
PT Freeport Indonesia.................. 10,206£
a
Qarase, Laisenia.... 77, 89,93-103,105,108
qoliqoli.............................................. 97,248
Queen Elisabeth Barracks...................... 89
R
Rabuka, Sitiveni......... 83f£, 87,90,100,223
Raiatea.................................................... 55
Ramu-Basamuk Bay-Nickel-Mine....... 155
RapaNui.......................... 9,16,41,73£, 76
raskol.............................................. 130,134
Rassemblement démocratique des
populations tahitiennes (RDPT)....... 56
Remeliik, Haruo..................................... 50
remittances.............................. 24,255,259
Republic of Mekamui........................... 179
Republik Minerva................................. 246
Rio Tinto-Zinc Corporation Ld. (RTZ). 166
Rizal, José............................................... 22
Rocard, Michel....................................... 69
Rock Islands........................................... 53
Rudd, Kevin................................... 159,278
Russisch-Amerikanische Kompanie....... 44
Salii, Lazarus.......................................... 50
Salomonen-Inseln................................ 14-18,
38,120,125,158,160£, 168,172,174£, 177, 185,220-226,228,230£, 233-243,273,276
Samoa............................................ 256-268
Sandline............................................... 175£
Sang,Tong......................................... 61,63
Sanop...................................................... 18
Savaii............................................... 13,257
Scheckbuchpolitik................................ 273
Scheffer, Georg Anton............................ 44
S chou ten, Willem Cornelisz................... 72
Serero, Pepetua.............................. 168,187
Sevele, Vaka'uta..................................... 253
Shidehara, Kijuro.................................... 47
Sikua, Derek........................................ 233£
Skate, Bill......................... 153,176£, 179ff
Société Le Nickel (SLN)........................ 66
Société Minière du Sud
Pacifique (SMSP).............................. 71
Sogavare, Manasseh............... 225,227,232
Solomon Islands Peace Agreement....... 227
Solomon Islands Plantation
Limited (SIPL)................................ 237
Somare, Sir Michael...... 20,106,147,153£,
159,163,181,233,278
Sopé, Barak.................................... 123,126
South Pacific Fisheries Agency (SPFA)... 106
South Pacific Peacekeeping
Force (SPPKF)................................ 173
Speight, George... 86-89,91-97,100,223£
Spicer,Tim.......................................... 175£
Spykman, Nicholas............................... 269
StarKist Samoa..................................... 264
Stephens, Jimmy Moli.......................... 114
Süd-Molukken.................................. 196ff.
Suharto, Haji Mohamed.... 202, 204ff, 208, 210,212,217
Sukarno, Achmed......... 22,195,198, 200ff,
204,206,208,212,217
Sukarnoputri, Megawati....................... 212
Sukuna, Ratu Sir Lala........................ 19, 81
Surville, Jean François Marie de............. 54
Suva............. 18,77£, 86£, 91,94,99,104ff.
V
Tahiti.................................. 54f£, 58-63,67
Taiwan.................. 109,125,156£, 271,273
Tarawa............................................... 17,24
taukei...................................................... 84
Temaru, Oscar.................................. 59-63
Tembagapura................................. 191,206
Teosin,John............................................ 18
Tiga........................................................ 64
Titojosip Broz...................................... 30
Tjibaou, Jean-Marie.............................. 68£
Tokelau......................... 17,23,29,247,279
TokPisin....................................... 138,144
Tolai..................................................... 135
Tonga...... 17,32, 40, 79,105,117,220,229,
244, 249-255,261,273
Tongatapu.............................. 244,249,253
TriMarine International....................... 264
Tromelin, Legoarant............................... 44
Truman, Harry S................................ 32,48
Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands (TTPI)...... 16,23,38,43
Tuamotus................................................ 56
Tupou IV., Taufa'ahau............ 246,250,252
Tupou V., George................................. 252
Tupou VI., Taufa'ahau.......................... 253
Tutuila......................................... 257,261£
Tuvalu.................................. 17,25,40,279
u
Uiguren................................................... 53
UNCTAD.............................................. 32
Union Calédonienne (UC)..................... 67
United States Commercial Company
(USCC)............................................. 49
USA........... 15£ 23,28f£, 32,38,40-54, 63,
75, 78, 88, 104, 106, 109, 117, 120, 122£, 126, 171, 195, 198, 201fE, 206, 208, 211, 255 ff., 261£, 264,266-275,280
US Minor Outlying Islands.................... 44
Uvea........................................................ 72
vakavanua.............................................. 83f.
vanua............................................. 82£, 107
Vanua Mahagony Landowners Association
(VMLA)............................................ 86
Vanuatu................. 14,16£, 20, 38, 62,106,
108-127,138,158,178,223,229,233,273, 276,278
Vereinte Nationen.................................. 53
Vereniging Kolonisatie
Nieuw Guinea (VKNG)........... 194,199
Vichy Regime.................................... 56,66
Vietnamesen.................................... 66,264
Vohor, Serge..................... 119£, 122i£, 126
vulagi...................................................... 84
w
Waan Aelon in Majel............................. 52
Wake-Atoll............................................. 46
Wallis...................... 9,16,54,56,64,67,72
Wallis und Futuna........ 9,16,56,64,67,73
wantok................................. 134,137,144£
Washington Convention................. 48,257
Weathercoast............................... 228,230£
Weifare Society....................................... 18
Weltsystemtheorie........................... 31,33f.
West-Papua.... 9£, 22,120,124,160,191f£, 195,199-214,216-219,272,275
West-Papua Koordinationsstelle.......... 211
Wingti, Paias......................... 147,153,173
Yap............................................. 47,49,269
Young, John..................................... 44,274
Zentrum-Peripherie-Ansatz................... 33
5.6 Zum Autor
Hermann Mückler, geb. 1964, ist Professor für Kultur- und Sozialanthropologie an
der Universität Wien mit regionaler Fokussierung auf Ozeanien und Südostasien so-
wie Forschungs- und Lehrschwerpunkten zu den Themen Friedens- und Konflikt-
forschung, Politische Ethnologie, Migration sowie zu (ethno-)historischen Fragestel-
lungen. Er ist unter anderem Gründer und langjähriger Präsident (1996-2010) der
Österreichisch-Südpazifischen Gesellschaft (OSPG), Präsident der Anthropologi-
schen Gesellschaft in Wien und der Österreichisch-Fidschianischen Gesellschaft
(ÖFiG) sowie Vizepräsident des Instituts für Vergleichende Architekturforschung.